Java之基于tcp协议的socket通信

在java网络编程中包含两种方式，Socket（TCP）和DatagramSocket（UDP）。
在网络编程中常用的三个类
InetAddress：用于标识网络上的硬件资源；
Socket：使用TCP协议实现网络通信的Socket相关的类；
DatagramSocket：使用UDP协议将数据存在数据报中通过网络进行通信；
Socket和DatagramSocket的区别
Socket使用的tcp连接，需要先连接之后才能发送数据；
DatagramSocket使用的UDP连接，客户端不需要先连接数据，可以直接发送给指定服务端。
实例：

public class TcpServer {

    private static ServerSocket serverSocket;
    private static Socket socket;

    public static void startServer(){
        if (serverSocket == null){
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
                        System.out.println("启动服务端，等待客户端连接中");
                        socket = serverSocket.accept();
                        System.out.println("客户端连接上来了");
                        sendTcpMessage("你好，我是服务端");
                        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
                        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                        int len = -1;
                        while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                            String data = new String(buffer, 0, len);
                            System.out.println("收到客户端的数据:" + data);
                        }
//                        socket.getOutputStream().write("你好，服务端已接收到您的信息".getBytes());
//                        socket.getOutputStream().flush();
//                        socket.shutdownOutput();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } finally {
                        try {
                            socket.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        try {
                            serverSocket.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        socket = null;
                        serverSocket = null;
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }

    public static void sendTcpMessage(final String msg){
        if (socket != null && socket.isConnected()) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        socket.getOutputStream().write(msg.getBytes());
                        socket.getOutputStream().flush();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } finally {
                        try {
                            socket.shutdownOutput();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
    
}

public class TcpClient {

    public static Socket socket;

    public static void startClient(final String address, final int port) {
        if (socket == null) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        System.out.println("启动客户端");
                        socket = new Socket(address, port);
                        System.out.println("客户端连接服务器成功");
                        sendTcpMessage("你好，我是客户端");
                        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
                        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
                        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                        int len = -1;
                        while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                            String data = new String(buffer, 0, len);
                            System.out.println("收到服务器的数据:" + data);
                        }
                        System.out.println("客户端连接服务器断开");
                        pw.close();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.out.println("客户端连接服务器失败");
                    } finally {
                        try {
                            socket.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        socket = null;
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }

    public static void sendTcpMessage(final String msg) {
        if (socket != null && socket.isConnected()) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        socket.getOutputStream().write(msg.getBytes());
                        socket.getOutputStream().flush();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } finally {
                        try {
                            socket.shutdownOutput();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        startClient("127.0.0.1",8888);
    }

}

测试