设计模式（观察者模式）

观察者模式

定义

在对象之间定义一对多的依赖，当一个对象发生改变，依赖它的对象会收到通知并自动更新.

简述

类似发布订阅模式，缺少一个调度中心.

使用场景例子

关注微信公众号，当公众号发布消息时，关注的用户就可以收到推送消息. 取消关注，则无法收到消息

类图

实现

• 定义一个抽象的被观察接口

package com.example.observer;

public interface Subject {
	
	void registerObserver(Observer observer);

	void removeObserver(Observer observer);

	void notifyObservers();
}

• 定义一个抽象的观察者接口

package com.example.observer;

public interface Observer {

	void update(String message);
}

• 定义被观察者

package com.example.observer;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Publisher implements Subject {

	private List<Observer> observers;
	private String message;

	public Publisher() {
		observers = new ArrayList<Observer>();
	}

	@Override
	public void registerObserver(Observer observer) {
		observers.add(observer);
	}

	@Override
	public void removeObserver(Observer observer) {
		observers.remove(observer);
	}

	@Override
	public void notifyObservers() {
		for (Observer observer : observers) {
			observer.update(message);
		}
	}

	public void sendMessage(String message) {
		this.message = message;
		notifyObservers();
	}

}

• 定义观察者

package com.example.observer;

public class Subscriber implements Observer {

	private String name;
	
	public Subscriber(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}


	@Override
	public void update(String message) {
		System.out.println("I'm " + this.name + ", recieve message:" + message);
	}
}

• 编写测试类

package com.example.observer;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Publisher publisher = new Publisher();
		
		Subscriber subscriber1 = new Subscriber("subscriber1");
		Subscriber subscriber2 = new Subscriber("subscriber2");
		Subscriber subscriber3 = new Subscriber("subscriber3");
		
		publisher.registerObserver(subscriber1);
		publisher.registerObserver(subscriber2);
		publisher.registerObserver(subscriber3);
		
		publisher.sendMessage("发布消息1");
		
		System.out.println("==========");
		
		publisher.removeObserver(subscriber2);
		publisher.sendMessage("发布消息2");
		
	}

}