一道面试题引出的Java加载、链接与初始化verification、preparation、resolution、initialization过程

背景试题

case 1

public class JavaLoading {

    private static int NUM = 3;
    private static JavaLoading INSTANCE = new JavaLoading();

    private JavaLoading() {

        NUM++;
    }

   public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println(INSTANCE.NUM);
    }
}

case 2

public class JavaLoading {
    
    private static JavaLoading INSTANCE = new JavaLoading();
    private static int NUM = 3;

    private JavaLoading() {

        NUM++;
    }

   public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println(INSTANCE.NUM);
    }
}

思考三秒钟……

case 1的输出是：4

case 2的输出是：3

根据java虚拟机规范，一个class被加载进内存后，需要进行链接(linking)与初始化(initialization)两步，

其中链接又分：验证(verification)、准备(preparation)、解析(resolution)三小步