线程本地化对象ThreadLocal

ThreadLocal为解决多线程程序的并发问题提供了一种新的思路。当工作于多线程中的对象使用ThreadLocal维护变量时，ThreadLocal为每个使用该变量的线程分配一个独立的变量副本。
所以每一个线程都可以独立地改变自己的副本，不会影响其他线程所对应的副本。
1.不使用ThreadLocal

public class SequenceNumber {

	public int seqNum = 0 ;



	public int getNextNum(){
		seqNum+=1;
		return seqNum;
	}
	public static void main(String [] args){
		SequenceNumber sq = new SequenceNumber();
		for(int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++){
			TestClient tc = new TestClient(sq);
			tc.start();
		}
	}

	private static class TestClient extends Thread{

		private SequenceNumber seq ;

		public TestClient(SequenceNumber seq){
			this.seq = seq ;
		}

		@Override
		public void run() {
			for(int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++){
				System.out.println("thread["+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"]sn["+seq.getNextNum()+"]");
			}
		}

	}


}

输出：
thread[Thread-0]sn[1]
thread[Thread-2]sn[3]
thread[Thread-1]sn[2]
thread[Thread-2]sn[5]
thread[Thread-0]sn[4]
thread[Thread-2]sn[7]
thread[Thread-1]sn[6]
thread[Thread-0]sn[8]
thread[Thread-1]sn[9]

2.使用ThreadLocal

public class SequenceNumber {
	//通常通过匿名内部类的方式定义ThreadLocal的子类，提供初始化的子类。

	private static ThreadLocal<Integer> seqNum = new ThreadLocal<Integer>(){
		public Integer initialValue(){
			return 0 ;
		}
	};

	public int getNextNum(){
		seqNum.set(seqNum.get()+1);
		return seqNum.get();
	}
	/*
	public int seqNum = 0 ;



	public int getNextNum(){
		seqNum+=1;
		return seqNum;
	}
	*/
	public static void main(String [] args){
		SequenceNumber sq = new SequenceNumber();
		for(int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++){
			TestClient tc = new TestClient(sq);
			tc.start();
		}
	}

	private static class TestClient extends Thread{

		private SequenceNumber seq ;

		public TestClient(SequenceNumber seq){
			this.seq = seq ;
		}

		@Override
		public void run() {
			for(int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++){
				System.out.println("thread["+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"]sn["+seq.getNextNum()+"]");
			}
		}

	}


}

输出：
thread[Thread-1]sn[1]
thread[Thread-2]sn[1]
thread[Thread-0]sn[1]
thread[Thread-2]sn[2]
thread[Thread-1]sn[2]
thread[Thread-2]sn[3]
thread[Thread-0]sn[2]
thread[Thread-1]sn[3]
thread[Thread-0]sn[3]
可以看出每个线程所产生的序号虽然都共享同一个sequenuNumber实例，但并没有发生相互干扰的情况。