ListView 可称得上Android最常用的控件之一, ListView 允许用户通过手指上下滑动的方式将屏幕外的数据滚动到屏幕内,同时屏幕上原有的数据则会滚动出屏幕。我们平常用的查看手机联系人列表,翻阅微信的最新消息等都是应用到了它。
在MainActivity的onCreate中添加如下代码:
为了适配好item的布局和Fruit中的内容,有必要自定义适配器FruitAdapter类,FruitAdapter.java:
最后,修改MainActivity中的代码:
一、ListView基本用法
在activity_main.xml中添加ListView控件
<ListView
android:id="@+id/list_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
></ListView>
在MainActivity的onCreate中添加如下代码:
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>
MainActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data);<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>
<span style="font-family: SimSun;">//data在前面定义好,private String[] data={"","",...}</span>
//adapter中依次传入:context上下文、每个item的layout布局、和数据List
</pre><pre name="code" class="java">ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
二、定制ListView界面
从ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data);的泛型和参数看,定制ArrayList需要自定义泛型类型、每个item的layout界面和传入的数据。
从item定义的layout布局出发,为了展示图片和文字,定义fruit_item.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal" >
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
android:layout_width="100dp"
android:layout_height="100dp"
/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
/>
</LinearLayout>
为了填充ImageView和TextView控件内的内容,再自定义Fruit类,Fruit.java:
package com.example.listviewtest1;
public class Fruit {
private String name;
private int imageId;
public Fruit(String name,int imageId){
this.name=name;
this.imageId=imageId;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public int getImageId(){
return imageId;
}
}
为了适配好item的布局和Fruit中的内容,有必要自定义适配器FruitAdapter类,FruitAdapter.java:
package com.example.listviewtest1;
import java.util.List;
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
private int resourceId;
private Context myContext;
public FruitAdapter(Context context,int textViewResourceId,List<Fruit> objects){、
//这里传入的参数依次会是MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item, listView
super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
resourceId=textViewResourceId;
myContext=context;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position,View convertView,ViewGroup parent){
Fruit fruit=getItem(position); //根据当前的position获取Fruit实例
View view;
ViewHolder viewHolder;
if(convertView==null){ //convertView将之前加载好的布局进行缓存,以便之后可进行重用
view=LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null);
viewHolder=new ViewHolder();
viewHolder.fruitImage=(ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
viewHolder.fruitText=(TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
view.setTag(viewHolder); //ViewHolder对控件的实例进行缓存,setTag方法将View看作是一个容器
}else{
view=convertView;
viewHolder=(ViewHolder) view.getTag();
}
viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
viewHolder.fruitText.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
}
class ViewHolder{ //自定义ViewHolder类
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitText;
}
最后,修改MainActivity中的代码:
package com.example.listviewtest1;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private List<Fruit> fruitList=new ArrayList<Fruit>(); //定义Fruit对象的ArrayList类
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits(); //初始化fruitList
FruitAdapter adapter=new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_layout,fruitList);
ListView list=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view);<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//在此定义ListView
list.setAdapter(adapter);
list.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener(){ //定义点击响应事件
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
int position,long id){
Fruit fruit=fruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName() ,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
private void initFruits(){
Fruit apple=new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple_pic);
fruitList.add(apple);
Fruit banana =new Fruit("banana",R.drawable.banana_pic);
fruitList.add(banana);
//...
}
总结起来:ListView是一个容器,容器里填入什么东西,需要我们自定义一个布局Layout,布局里填入的内容需要一个自定义的类来匹配。最后为了更好的适配,需要重写Adapter中getView方法。