Android定制ListView
本文参考书籍:郭霖《第一行代码-Android》。
关键字:ListView, 适配器, getView()
需求
用一个ListView显示水果列表,自定义每个item显示有一个图片和水果名称。
简单分析
- 定义每个item的xml样式,
- 定义水果的结构(即类class),添加一个水果就是new一次这个水果类。将new出来的水果放进一个List里。
- 自定义水果列表的适配器Adapter。
XML文件
activity_main.xml
, 主Activity的xml文件,ListView控件:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.example.androidlistviewtest.MainActivity" >
<ListView
android:id="@+id/listview_fruits"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
</ListView>
</RelativeLayout>
item_fruit.xml
, item的xml文件,定义item的显示样式:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal" >
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_img"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
代码文件
Fruit.java
, 水果类:
package com.example.androidlistviewtest;
public class Fruit
{
private String name;
private int imgId;
// 构造函数
public Fruit(String name, int imgId)
{
this.name = name;
this.imgId = imgId;
}
public String getName()
{
return this.name;
}
public int getImgId()
{
return this.imgId;
}
}
FruitAdapter.java
, 自定义适配器:
package com.example.androidlistviewtest;
import java.util.List;
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit>
{
private int resourceId;
// 构造函数
public FruitAdapter(Context context, int resource, List<Fruit> objects)
{
super(context, resource, objects);
resourceId = resource;
}
// 重写getView方法
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent)
{
View view = (convertView != null ? convertView : LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null)); // 优化,避免inflating View
ImageView fruitImg = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_img);
TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name); // TODO:用ViewHolder优化findViewById
Fruit fruit = getItem(position); // 取出数据对象,public T ArrayAdapter.getItem(int position) {return mObjects.get(position);}
fruitImg.setImageResource(fruit.getImgId());
fruitName.setText(fruit.getName()); // 用数据填充View
return view;
}
}
MainActivity.java
, 最后,在主Activity中进行显示:
/**
* 数据:Fruit 类, 存储在:List
* 适配器:FruitAdapter 类,用于连结数据仓库和布局显示
* 布局:item_fruit.xml
*/
package com.example.androidlistviewtest;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ListView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();
private void addSomeFruitItems() // 测试用
{
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
{
Fruit apple = new Fruit("apple" + i, R.drawable.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(apple);
Fruit orange = new Fruit("orange" + i, R.drawable.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(orange);
Fruit banana = new Fruit("banana" + i, R.drawable.ic_launcher);
fruitList.add(banana);
}
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
ListView lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview_fruits);
FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.item_fruit, fruitList);
lv.setAdapter(adapter);
lv.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id)
{
Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position); // 取得一个对象
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
addSomeFruitItems();
// adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
}