dom方式解析xml文档

public class DomDemo1 {

    @Test //需求:把第一个user节点的name的值取出来
   public void getDom() throws Exception {
        //第一步，通过DocumentBuilderFactory类中的工厂方法等到一个dbf对象
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        //第二步,通过dbf对象创建出一个DocumentBuilder对象
        DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
        //第三步,通过db对象创建出一个Document对象
        Document dom = db.parse("./xml4/users.xml");// new File("./xml4/users.xml")
        //System.out.println("dom:"+dom);
        //然后进行dom操作
        Node root= dom.getFirstChild();//根节点
        //System.out.println("root:"+root);
        System.out.println(root.getNodeName());
        System.out.println(root.getFirstChild().getNodeName());
        //上面一句的输出是：#text ----dom中把空白符也看成是一个Node，这种情况对我们的解析通常会造成很大的麻烦
        //※※为解决上面的问题，我们以后解析时尽量不要用Node，而要用Element。因为Element是元素它不包含属性和文字内容(包括空白符),因此可避开空白符的干扰

        Element eRoot = (Element)root;
        NodeList list = eRoot.getElementsByTagName("user");
        System.out.println("user元素的数量:"+list.getLength());
        System.out.println("第1个user元素"+list.item(0));//通过item(index)来获取列表中的元素
        System.out.println("第2个user元素"+list.item(1));

        Node user1Node = list.item(0);
        Element eUser1 = (Element)user1Node;//要把Node强转成Element，因为Element是子接口，里面有getElementBy*等方法，而Node没有(只能采用childNodes的方式，这种方式会受空白符的干扰)
        NodeList listNames = eUser1.getElementsByTagName("name");
        String nm = listNames.item(0).getNodeName();//name--标签名
        String nmVal = listNames.item(0).getTextContent();//标签内部所包含的文本内容----innerText
        System.out.println(nm+","+nmVal);

        //bug::::直接通过dom对象获取其下节点---经测试,无法通过id来获取
        Element ee = dom.getElementById("aa");
        System.out.println("###: "+ee);//null

   }
    @Test //需求:把第二个user节点的age值取出来
    public void getAge()throws Exception{
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
        Document dom = db.parse("./xml4/users.xml");
        Element root = (Element) dom.getFirstChild();
        Element user2 =(Element) root.getElementsByTagName("user").item(1);
        Element eAge =(Element) user2.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0);
        String age = eAge.getTextContent();
        System.out.println("age:"+age);
    }

    //用Java对xml文档进行CRUD---创建，遍历，更新，删除
    //遍历
    @Test
    public void query() throws Exception{
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder db = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
        Document dom = db.parse( new File("./xml4/users.xml") );
        Element root = (Element) dom.getFirstChild();
        NodeList list = root.getElementsByTagName("user");
        for(int i=0;i<list.getLength();i++){
            Element user =(Element) list.item(i);
            String id = user.getAttribute("id");
            String name = user.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0).getTextContent();
            String age = user.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0).getTextContent();
            System.out.println("id:"+id+",name:"+name+",age:"+age);
            System.out.println("-----------------------");
        }

    }
    //更新---把最后一个user的年龄+10
    @Test
    public void update() throws Exception{
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder db = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
        Document dom = db.parse( new File("./xml4/users.xml") );
        Element root = (Element) dom.getFirstChild();

        //Element eUser = (Element) root.getLastChild();//注意bug：如果最后一个</user>和</users>标签之前有空白符(包括换行)，那么该句获得的节点是空白符
        //System.out.println(root.getLastChild().getNodeName());//#text
        NodeList list =  root.getElementsByTagName("user");
        Element eUser = (Element) list.item(list.getLength()-1);
        Element eAge = (Element) eUser.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0);
        int age = Integer.parseInt(eAge.getTextContent().trim())+10;
        eAge.setTextContent(""+age);
        System.out.println(age);

        //把内存中的当前dom对象存储到xml文件
        TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        Transformer trans = tf.newTransformer();
        trans.transform(new DOMSource(dom), new StreamResult("./xml4/users.xml"));//把xml源 输出到 目标 ---如果目标存在则是更新，否则是创建
    }

    //创建 --需求：添加一个新的user
    @Test
    public void create() throws Exception{
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder db = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
        Document dom = db.parse( new File("./xml4/users.xml") );
        Element root = (Element) dom.getFirstChild();

        //创建一个新的user元素
        Element eUserNew = dom.createElement("user");
        eUserNew.setAttribute("id", "C001");
        //创建name和age子元素
        Element eName = dom.createElement("name");
        eName.setTextContent("李四");
        Element eAgeNew = dom.createElement("age");
        eAgeNew.setTextContent("22");
        //把所创建的元素组装成一棵子树,添加到整棵dom树上
        eUserNew.appendChild(eName);
        eUserNew.appendChild(eAgeNew);
        root.appendChild(eUserNew);

        //把内存中的当前dom对象存储到xml文件
        TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        Transformer trans = tf.newTransformer();
        trans.transform(new DOMSource(dom), new StreamResult("./xml4/users.xml"));//把xml源 输出到 目标 ---如果目标存在则是更新，否则是创建
    }

    //删除---需求：删除最后一个元素
    @Test
    public void delete() throws Exception{
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder db = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
        Document dom = db.parse( new File("./xml4/users.xml") );
        Element root = (Element) dom.getFirstChild();

        //获取将要删除的元素
        NodeList list = root.getElementsByTagName("user");
        Element e = (Element) list.item( list.getLength()-1 );
        e.getParentNode().removeChild(e);

        //把内存中的当前dom对象存储到xml文件
        TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        Transformer trans = tf.newTransformer();
        trans.transform(new DOMSource(dom), new StreamResult("./xml4/users.xml"));
    }

}