hdu 5676 ztr loves lucky numbers
这道题想了很久,但总是超时,所以搜索了题解,认真的思考了一番。
点我看原题
Problem Description
ztr loves lucky numbers. Everybody knows that positive integers are lucky if their decimal representation doesn’t contain digits other than 4 and 7. For example, numbers 47, 744, 4 are lucky and 5, 17, 467 are not.
Lucky number is super lucky if it’s decimal representation contains equal amount of digits 4 and 7. For example, numbers 47, 7744, 474477 are super lucky and 4, 744, 467 are not.
One day ztr came across a positive integer n. Help him to find the least super lucky number which is not less than n.
Input
There are T(1≤n≤105) cases
For each cases:
The only line contains a positive integer n(1≤n≤1018). This number doesn’t have leading zeroes.
Output
For each cases
Output the answer
Sample Input
2
4500
47
Sample Output
4747
47
方法一:打表+二分查找
因为18位数据以内的lucky numbers 是有限的,所以我们将他们全部找出来,打出数据的列表,然后再二分查找
代码
/*dfs深度搜索法,先打表再二分查找。*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define N 100010
using namespace std;
long long a[N];
int cnt;
void dfs(int l,int r,int len,long long num)
{
if(l>len/2||r>len/2) //一次排列完成,结束递归
return ;
if(l+r==len&&l==r) //将数据sum复制到数组中去,结束位数排列
{
a[cnt++]=num;
return ;
}
if(l<=len/2)
dfs(l+1,r,len,num*10+4);
if(r<=len/2)
dfs(l,r+1,len,num*10+7);
}
int main()
{
cnt=0;
for(int i=2;i<=18;i+=2)
dfs(0,0,i,0);
int t;
long long n;
scanf("%d",&t);
while(t--)
{
scanf("%lld",&n);
if(n>777777777444444444ll) //特判,数据超出long long ;
printf("44444444447777777777\n");
else
printf("%lld\n",a[lower_bound(a,a+cnt,n)-a]);
}
return 0;
}
总结一
函数lower_bound用来查找数组中第一个不小于需要查找的数据,注意返回的是数据的地址:http://blog.csdn.net/niushuai666/article/details/6734403
方法二:全排列查找
这里使用next_permutation函数来将所需要相应位数的4和7进行全排列,然后用strcmp函数找出所需要的数据输出。
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
char b[50],c[50];
int main()
{
int t;
scanf("%d", &t);
while (t--)
{
scanf("%s", b);
int len = strlen(b);
if (len & 1)//奇数位时
{
for (int i = 0; i <= len / 2; i++)printf("4");
for (int i = 0; i <= len / 2; i++)printf("7");
printf("\n"); continue;
}
for (int i = 0; i < len / 2; i++)c[i]='4';
for (int i = len/2; i < len; i++)c[i]='7';
c[len] = 0; //4447770
int f = 0;
do
{
if (strcmp(b, c) <= 0)//b<=c
{
printf("%s\n", c);
f = 1; break;
}
} while (next_permutation(c, c + len)); //将数据按照从小到大一次进行全排列
if (f==0) //18位数据超范围时 (b>777777777444444444);
{
for (int i = 0; i <= len / 2; i++)printf("4");
for (int i = 0; i <= len / 2; i++)printf("7");
printf("\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
总结二
next_permutation 函数的使用方法:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_9f7ea4390101101u.html