Spring之Aop

Aop的简介

即面向切面编程
解决的问题： 解决了需求的改变，造成了原有没必要改变的代码，需要去改变它；
比如：书籍的增删改，本身只需要完成增删改的功能即可，这是如果需要添加日志功能，那么需要在原有的代码基础上，去修改添加日志功能，受牵连的方法就三个（add/edit/del）了;

Aop中关键性概念

**连接点(Joinpoint)：**程序执行过程中明确的点，如方法的调用，或者异常的抛出.
**目标(Target)：**被通知(被代理)的对象
注1：完成具体的业务逻辑
**通知(Advice)：**在某个特定的连接点上执行的动作，同时Advice也是程序代码的具体实现，例如一个实现日志记录的代码(通知有些书上也称为处理)
注2：完成切面编程
**代理(Proxy)：**将通知应用到目标对象后创建的对象(代理=目标+通知),
例子：外科医生+护士
注3：只有代理对象才有AOP功能，而AOP的代码是写在通知的方法里面的
**切入点(Pointcut)：**多个连接点的集合，定义了通知应该应用到那些连接点。
(也将Pointcut理解成一个条件 ，此条件决定了容器在什么情况下将通知和目标组合成代理返回给外部程序)
适配器(Advisor)：适配器=通知(Advice)+切入点(Pointcut)

核心点通知

前置通知
实现org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice接口
买书、评论前加系统日志
后置通知
实现org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice接口
买书返利（存在bug）
环绕通知
org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor
类似拦截器，会包括切入点，目标类前后都会执行代码。
异常通知
org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice
出现异常执行系统提示，然后进行处理。价格异常为例
过滤通知（适配器）
org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor
处理买书返利的bug
案例
前置通知：买书、评论前加系统日志
接口IBookBiz.java

package com.lzy.aop.biz;
public interface IBookBiz {
 // 购书
  public boolean buy(String userName, String bookName, Double price);
  // 发表书评
  public void comment(String userName, String comments);
 }

目标BookBizImpl.java

package com.lzy.aop.biz.impl;
import com.lzy.aop.biz.IBookBiz;
import com.lzy.aop.execption.PriceException;
public class BookBizImpl implements IBookBiz {
 public BookBizImpl() {
  super();
 }
 public boolean buy(String userName, String bookName, Double price) {
  // 通过控制台的输出方式模拟购书
  if (null == price || price <= 0) {
   throw new PriceException("book price exception");
  }
  System.out.println(userName + " buy " + bookName + ", spend " + price);
  return true;
 }
 public void comment(String userName, String comments) {
  // 通过控制台的输出方式模拟发表书评
  System.out.println(userName + " say:" + comments);
 }
}

异常PriceException.java

package com.lzy.aop.execption;
public class PriceException extends RuntimeException {
 public PriceException() {
  super();
 }
 public PriceException(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) {
  super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
 }
 public PriceException(String message, Throwable cause) {
  super(message, cause);
 }
 public PriceException(String message) {
  super(message);
 }
 public PriceException(Throwable cause) {
  super(cause);
 }
}

通知MyMethodBeforeAdvice.java

package com.lzy.aop.aop.advice;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;
public class MyMethodBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice {
 @Override
 public void before(Method arg0, Object[] arg1, Object arg2) throws Throwable {
  // TODO 在这里，可以获取到目标类的全路径及方法及方法参数，然后就可以写到日志表里去
        String target=arg2.getClass().getName();
        String methodName=arg0.getName();
        String args=Arrays.toString(arg1);
        System.out.println("[前置通知，系统日志：]"+target+"."+methodName+"("+args+")被调用了");
 }
}

配置spring-context.xml

 <!-- *****Aop讲解***** -->
   <!--              目标                -->
   <bean class="com.lzy.aop.biz.impl.BookBizImpl" id="bookBizImpl"></bean>
   <!--           前置通知           -->
   <bean class="com.lzy.aop.advice.MyMethodBeforeAdvice" id="myMethodBeforeAdvice"></bean>
   <!--     利用目标+通知生成代理对象     -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean" id="bookProxy">
  <property name="target" ref="bookBizImpl"></property>
  <property name="proxyInterfaces">
           <list>
                 <value>com.lzy.aop.biz.IBookBiz</value>
           </list>
  </property>
  <property name="interceptorNames">
          <list>
                 <value>myMethodBeforeAdvice</value>
          </list>
  </property>
 </bean>

测试AopTest.java

package com.lzy.aop.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.lzy.aop.biz.IBookBiz;
public class AopTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ApplicationContext ApplicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
//  IBookBiz bean = (IBookBiz) ApplicationContext.getBean("bookBizImpl");
  IBookBiz bean= (IBookBiz) ApplicationContext.getBean("bookProxy");
  bean.buy("張三", "高數", 9.9);
  bean.comment("張三", "看了想打瞌睡");
 }
}

后置通知 : 买书返利
通知MyAfterReturningAdvice.java

package com.lzy.aop.advice;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;
/**
 *   买书返利
 * @author 
 *
 */
public class MyAfterReturningAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice {
 @Override
 public void afterReturning(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2, Object arg3) throws Throwable {
  String target=arg3.getClass().getName();
  String methodName=arg1.getName();
  String args=Arrays.toString(arg2);
  System.out.println("【后置通知: 买书返利】:"+target+"."+methodName+"("+args+")被调用."+"该方法被调用的返回值为"+arg0);
 }
}

配置spring-context.xml

<!--           后置通知           -->
   <bean class="com.lzy.aop.advice.MyAfterReturningAdvice" id="myAfterReturningAdvice"></bean>
   <!--     利用目标+通知生成代理对象     -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean" id="bookProxy">
  <property name="target" ref="bookBizImpl"></property>
  <property name="proxyInterfaces">
           <list>
                 <value>com.lzy.aop.biz.IBookBiz</value>
           </list>
  </property>
  <property name="interceptorNames">
          <list>
                 <value>myMethodBeforeAdvice</value>
                 <value>myAfterReturningAdvice</value>
          </list>
  </property>
 </bean>

测试AopTest.java

package com.lzy.aop.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.lzy.aop.biz.IBookBiz;
public class AopTest {
 @SuppressWarnings("resource")
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
  //IBookBiz bean= (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("bookBizImpl");
  IBookBiz bean= (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("bookProxy");
  bean.buy("小明", "长沙", 25.8);
  bean.comment("晓东", "上海");
 }
}

环绕通知包含了前置和后置通知
通知MethodInterceptor.java

package com.lzy.aop.advice;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
/**
 * 环绕通知
 *        包含了前置和后置通知
 * @author 
 *
 */
public class MethodInterceptor implements org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor {
 @Override
 public Object invoke(MethodInvocation arg0) throws Throwable {
  String target=arg0.getThis().getClass().getName();
  String methodName=arg0.getMethod().getName();
  String args=Arrays.toString(arg0.getArguments());
  System.out.println("【环绕通知调用前】:"+target+"."+methodName+"("+args+")被调用");
  //arg0.proceed()就是目标对象的方法
  Object proceed=arg0.proceed();
  System.out.println("【环绕通知调用后】:该方法被调用后的返回值为:"+proceed);
  return proceed;
 }
}

配置spring-context.xml

 <!--           环绕通知           -->
   <bean class="com.lzy.aop.advice.MethodInterceptor" id="myMethodInterceptor"></bean>
   <!--     利用目标+通知生成代理对象     -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean" id="bookProxy">
  <property name="target" ref="bookBizImpl"></property>
  <property name="proxyInterfaces">
           <list>
                 <value>com.lzy.aop.biz.IBookBiz</value>
           </list>
  </property>
  <property name="interceptorNames">
          <list>
                 <value>myMethodBeforeAdvice</value>
                 <value>myAfterReturningAdvice</value>
                 <value>myMethodInterceptor</value>
          </list>
  </property>
 </bean>

测试AopTest.java

package com.lzy.aop.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.lzy.aop.biz.IBookBiz;
public class AopTest {
 @SuppressWarnings("resource")
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
  //IBookBiz bean= (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("bookBizImpl");
  IBookBiz bean= (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("bookProxy");
  bean.buy("小明", "长沙", 25.8);
  System.out.println();
  bean.comment("晓东", "上海");
 }
}

异常通知
通知ThrowsAdvice.java

package com.lzy.aop.advice;
import com.lzy.aop.biz.exception.PriceException;
/**
 * 异常通知
 * @author 
 *
 */
public class ThrowsAdvice implements org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice {
 public void afterThrowing(PriceException ex) {
  System.out.println("【异常通知】: 当价格发生异常就执行此处代码块!");
 }
}

配置spring-context.xml

 <!--           异常通知           -->
   <bean class="com.lzy.aop.advice.ThrowsAdvice" id="myThrowsAdvice"></bean>
   <!--     利用目标+通知生成代理对象     -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean" id="bookProxy">
  <property name="target" ref="bookBizImpl"></property>
  <property name="proxyInterfaces">
           <list>
                 <value>com.lzy.aop.biz.IBookBiz</value>
           </list>
  </property>
  <property name="interceptorNames">
          <list>
                 <value>myMethodBeforeAdvice</value>
                 <value>myAfterReturningAdvice</value>
                 <value>myMethodInterceptor</value>
                 <value>myThrowsAdvice</value>
          </list>
  </property>
 </bean>

测试AopTest.java

package com.lzy.aop.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.lzy.aop.biz.IBookBiz;
public class AopTest {
 @SuppressWarnings("resource")
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
  //IBookBiz bean= (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("bookBizImpl");
  IBookBiz bean= (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("bookProxy");
  bean.buy("小明", "长沙", -25.8);
  bean.comment("晓东", "上海");
 }
}

过滤通知解决发书评时也返利的问题
只需要改动配置spring-context.xml

 <!--           过滤通知           -->
   <bean class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor" id="myPointcutAdvisor">
           <property name="advice" ref="myAfterReturningAdvice"></property>
           <property name="pattern" value=".*buy"></property>
   </bean>
   <!--     利用目标+通知生成代理对象     -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean" id="bookProxy">
  <property name="target" ref="bookBizImpl"></property>
  <property name="proxyInterfaces">
           <list>
                 <value>com.lzy.aop.biz.IBookBiz</value>
           </list>
  </property>
  <property name="interceptorNames">
          <list>
                 <value>myMethodBeforeAdvice</value>
                 <!-- <value>myAfterReturningAdvice</value> -->
                 <value>myPointcutAdvisor</value>
                 <value>myMethodInterceptor</value>
                 <value>myThrowsAdvice</value>
          </list>
  </property>
 </bean>

测试AopTest .java

package com.lzy.aop.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.lzy.aop.biz.IBookBiz;
public class AopTest {
 @SuppressWarnings("resource")
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
  //IBookBiz bean= (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("bookBizImpl");
  IBookBiz bean= (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("bookProxy");
  bean.buy("小名", "上海", 25.8);
  bean.comment("小红", "北京");
 }
}