按照java内存的结构,发生内存溢出的地方常在于堆、栈、方法区、直接内存。
1、堆溢出
堆溢出原因莫过于对象太多导致,看代码。
- package baby.oom;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- /**
- * java 堆溢出
- * VM Args:-Xms20m -Xmx20m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
- * @author
- */
- public class HeapOOM {
- static class OOMObject {
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- List<OOMObject> list = new ArrayList<OOMObject>();
- while (true) {
- list.add(new OOMObject());
- /*System.out.println("total(k):"+Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory()/1024+
- " freeMemory(k):"+Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory()/1024+
- " maxMemory(k):"+Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()/1024+
- " availableProcessors:"+Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());*/
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
- Dumping heap to java_pid1820.hprof ...
- Heap dump file created [24787111 bytes in 0.346 secs]
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
- at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:2760)
- at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:2734)
- at java.util.ArrayList.ensureCapacity(ArrayList.java:167)
- at java.util.ArrayList.add(ArrayList.java:351)
- at baby.oom.HeapOOM.main(HeapOOM.java:19)
- *
- *
- */
2、栈溢出
根据JAVA虚拟机规范描述:
如果线程请求的栈深度大于虚拟机所允许的最大深度,将抛出StackOverflowError
如果虚拟机在扩展栈时无法申请到足够的内存空间,将抛出OutOfMemoryError。
实验表明:
在单线程下,无论是由于栈帧太大还是虚拟机栈容量太小,当内存无法分配的时候,虚拟机抛出的都是StackOverflowError。
通过不断的建立新线程的方式可以产生内存溢出溢出。为每个线程的栈分配的内存越大,反而越容易产生内存溢出异常。
如果是建立过多线程导致的内存溢出,在不能减少线程数量或者更换64位虚拟机的情况下,就只能通过减少最大堆和减少栈容量来换取更多的线程。
假设32位windows系统虚拟机最大设为2G,虚拟机提供了参数来控制java堆和方法区这两部分最大值,剩余的内存为2G - Xmx- MaxPermSize,如果虚拟机本身进程内存大小不算在内,省下的内存就有虚拟机和本地方法栈瓜分了。每个线程分配到的栈容量越大,可以建立的线程数量自然就越少。
- package baby.oom;
- /**
- * 栈异常
- * 如果线程请求的栈深度大于虚拟机所允许的最大深度,将抛出StackOverflowError
- * 如果虚拟机在扩展栈时无法申请到足够的内存空间,将抛出OutOfMemoryError
- * VM Args:-Xss128k
- * @author
- */
- public class JavaVMStackSOF {
- private int stackLength = 1;
- public void stackLeak() {
- stackLength++;
- stackLeak();
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
- JavaVMStackSOF oom = new JavaVMStackSOF();
- try {
- oom.stackLeak();
- } catch (Throwable e) {
- System.out.println("stack length:" + oom.stackLength);
- throw e;
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- *
- * stack length:2403
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError
- at baby.oom.JavaVMStackSOF.stackLeak(JavaVMStackSOF.java:11)
- at baby.oom.JavaVMStackSOF.stackLeak(JavaVMStackSOF.java:12)
- at baby.oom.JavaVMStackSOF.stackLeak(JavaVMStackSOF.java:12)
- 默认情况下,即不加Xss限制,输出的length为8956,加了Xss128k length位2403
- */
- package baby.oom;
- /**
- * VM Args:-Xss2M (这时候不妨设大些)
- * @author
- */
- public class JavaVMStackOOM {
- int i=0;
- private void dontStop() {
- while (true) {
- }
- }
- public void stackLeakByThread() {
- while (true) {
- Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- dontStop();
- }
- });
- i++;
- System.out.println("i="+i);
- thread.start();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
- JavaVMStackOOM oom = new JavaVMStackOOM();
- try {
- oom.stackLeakByThread();
- } catch (Throwable e) {
- System.out.println("thread num:" + oom.i);
- throw e;
- }
- }
- }
- //i=391
- //thread num:391
- //Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: unable to create new native thread
3、方法区溢出
当运行时常量池过大或者类过多时就会导致方法区溢出。
- package baby.oom;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- /**
- * VM Args:-XX:PermSize=10M -XX:MaxPermSize=10M
- * @author
- */
- public class RuntimeConstantPoolOOM {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // 使用List保持着常量池引用,避免Full GC回收常量池行为
- List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
- // 10MB的PermSize在integer范围内足够产生OOM了
- int i = 0;
- while (true) {
- list.add(String.valueOf(i++).intern());
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
- at java.lang.String.intern(Native Method)
- at baby.oom.RuntimeConstantPoolOOM.main(RuntimeConstantPoolOOM.java:18)
- */
- package baby.oom;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer;
- import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
- import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;
- /**
- * VM Args: -XX:PermSize=10M -XX:MaxPermSize=10M
- * @author
- */
- public class JavaMethodAreaOOM {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- while (true) {
- Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
- enhancer.setSuperclass(OOMObject.class);
- enhancer.setUseCache(false);
- enhancer.setCallback(new MethodInterceptor() {
- @Override
- public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] arg, MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- return proxy.invokeSuper(obj, arg);
- }
- });
- enhancer.create();
- }
- }
- static class OOMObject {
- }
- }
- /*
- * Exception in thread "main" net.sf.cglib.core.CodeGenerationException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException-->null
- at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:237)
- at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.createHelper(Enhancer.java:377)
- at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.create(Enhancer.java:285)
- at baby.oom.JavaMethodAreaOOM.main(JavaMethodAreaOOM.java:28)
- Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
- at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
- at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
- at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
- at net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils.defineClass(ReflectUtils.java:384)
- at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:219)
- ... 3 more
- Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
- at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
- at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassCond(ClassLoader.java:631)
- at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:615)
- ... 8 more
- */
4、直接内存溢出
虽然使用DerictByteBuffer分配内存也会抛出内存溢出异常,但它抛出异常时并没有真正向操作系统申请分配,而是通过计算得知内存无法分配,于是手动抛出异常,真正申请分配内存的方法是unsafe.allocateMemory()。
- package baby.oom;
- import java.lang.reflect.Field;
- import sun.misc.Unsafe;
- /**
- * VM Args:-Xmx20M -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=10M
- * @author
- * Eclipse 默认把这些受访问限制的API设成了ERROR。
- 解决办法:将Windows->Preferences->Java-Complicer->Errors/Warnings->Deprecated and restricted API,中的Forbidden references(access rules)设置为Warning,即可以编译通过。
- */
- public class DirectMemoryOOM {
- private static final int _1MB = 1024 * 1024;
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- Field unsafeField = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredFields()[0];
- unsafeField.setAccessible(true);
- Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) unsafeField.get(null);
- while (true) {
- unsafe.allocateMemory(_1MB);
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError
- at sun.misc.Unsafe.allocateMemory(Native Method)
- at baby.oom.DirectMemoryOOM.main(DirectMemoryOOM.java:20)
- */