SELECT <myColumnSpec> = CASE <column> WHEN <A> THEN <somethingA> WHEN <B> THEN <somethingB> ELSE <somethingE> END
在pubs数据库的authors表中,根据作者来自州的名字,打印作者的姓名和州的全名:
USE pubs
GO
SELECT '作者'=
CASE state
WHEN 'CA' THEN '加利弗里亚'
WHEN 'KS' THEN '堪萨斯'
WHEN 'TN' THEN '田纳西'
ELSE '其他州'
END,
au_fname+'.'+au_lname AS au_name
FROM authors
ORDER BY state
GO GO
上面需要column= A<字段值>,下面的<A>指的是一个表达式,这样灵活性更强:
SELECT <myColumnSpec> = CASE WHEN <A> THEN <somethingA> WHEN <B> THEN <somethingB> ELSE <somethingE> END
在pubs数据库的titles表中,根据不同价格范围,打印价格状况(自定义字段):
USE pubs GO SELECT Title, 'Price Range' = CASE WHEN price IS NULL THEN '没有定价' WHEN price < 10 THEN '价格偏低' WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN '价格一般' ELSE '价格过高' END FROM titles ORDER BY price GO
这都是CASE的典型用法,但是使用CASE其实可以做更多的事情。比方说下面的GROUP BY 子句中的CASE:
SELECT 'Number of Titles', Count(*) FROM titles GROUP BY CASE WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' END GO
你甚至还可以组合这些选项,添加一个ORDER BY子句,如下所示:
USE pubs GO SELECT CASE WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' END AS Range, Title FROM titles GROUP BY CASE WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' END, Title ORDER BY CASE WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' END, Title GO
注意,为了在 GROUP BY 块中使用 CASE,查询语句需要在GROUP BY块中重复SELECT 块中的 CASE块。
首先让我们看一下 CASE 的语法。在一般的 SELECT 中,其语法如下:SELECT = CASE WHEN THEN WHEN THEN ELSE END 在pubs数据库的authors表中,根据作者来自州的名字,打印作者的姓名和州的全名:USE pubsGOSELECT 作者=CASE stateWH