supervisord可以用于管理后台运行的程序。
本文中,我们将会详细介绍supervisord的使用。
supervisord的简介
Supervisor是一个C/S系统,允许其用户监视和控制类UNIX操作系统上的大量进程。
很多时候,我们想要在后台运行一个程序时,通常会用到nohup等命令。
但是类似于nohup这样的命令并不能完整的控制和监控进程。
而supervisord则是一个完整了监视和控制服务的工具。
安装
supervisord本身是基于Python开发的。
因此,在使用supervisord时,我们首先需要安装Python。
当Python安装完成后,通常会自带了Python的包管理工具pip
。
接下来,我们可以使用pip
命令来安装supervisord。
pip install supervisor
安装完成后,我们可以测试一下是否已经安装完成:
supervisord --help
正常情况下我们可以看到如下内容:
配置文件说明
在命令行中执行如下命令:
echo_supervisord_conf
可以看到在标准输出中输出了一份标准的配置文件模板。
我们可以将其重定向到某个文件中,从而生成一个配置文件。
示例:
echo_supervisord_conf > /home/nianshi/supervisor/conf/supervisord.conf
此时,我们将会得到一个文件/home/nianshi/supervisor/conf/supervisord.conf
。
下面我们来浅谈一下配置文件的内容:
从上至下,依次包括如下Section:
- unix_http_server,其中,file指定了socket file的位置。
- inet_http_server,用于启动一个含有前端的服务,可以从Web页面中管理服务。其中,port用于设置访问地址,username和password用于设置授权认证。
- supervisord是对管理服务本身的配置。包含日志文件相关、进程文件、启动方式等等。
- rpcinterface:supervisor中包含了rpc相关的接口。
- supervisorctl是对supervisorctl服务相关的配置。
- program是真正配置需要管理的任务。
- eventlistener是对事件进行的管理。
- group可以实现对任务组的管理。
- include中可以引用其他的配置文件。
推荐方法:
将系统相关配置文件写在一个配置文件中,而在这个配置文件中的include Section中引入一个文件夹。具体的服务管理机制则针对每个任务单独编写文件。
示例:supervisord.conf
文件:
[unix_http_server]
file=/tmp/supervisor.sock
[inet_http_server]
port=*:9001
username=user
password=123
[supervisord]
logfile=/tmp/supervisord.log ; main log file; default $CWD/supervisord.log
logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; max main logfile bytes b4 rotation; default 50MB
logfile_backups=10 ; # of main logfile backups; 0 means none, default 10
loglevel=info ; log level; default info; others: debug,warn,trace
pidfile=/tmp/supervisord.pid ; supervisord pidfile; default supervisord.pid
nodaemon=false ; start in foreground if true; default false
minfds=1024 ; min. avail startup file descriptors; default 1024
minprocs=200 ; min. avail process descriptors;default 200
[rpcinterface:supervisor]
supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface
[supervisorctl]
serverurl=unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL for a unix socket
[include]
files = /etc/supervisord.d/*.ini
/etc/supervisord.d/logstash.ini
[program:nianshi_logstash]
command=/root/logstash/logstash-6.2.2/bin/logstash -f /root/logstash/conf/logstash.conf
startsecs=3
user=root
stdout_logfile=/root/logstash/log/stdout.log
stderr_logfile=/root/logstash/log/stderr.log
environment=PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/home/wangzhe/bcm-onlinecheck/alarm-online-check
directory=/home/wangzhe/bcm-onlinecheck/alarm-online-check
启动
当我们完成配置文件的准备后,就可以启动supervisord
服务了。
supervisord -c /home/nianshi/supervisor/conf/supervisord.conf
其中,-c用于指定配置文件。
当发生错误时,我们可以使用-n
参数运行从而可以在前端运行,方便定位原因。
服务管理
除了使用supervisord进行服务启动外,针对单独的服务,我们还可以使用supervisorctl进行服务管理。
例如:
- 启动指定的服务
supervisorctl start test123
- 停止指定的服务
supervisorctl stop test123
- 更新配置文件变化并重启变化的服务
supervisorctl update
Web图形管理页面
如果我们在配置文件中配置了inet_http_server,那么我们可以通过前端页面进行任务监控与管理。
访问指定的端口地址,可以看到页面如下所示:
完整配置文件
完整的Demo配置文件如下:
; Sample supervisor config file.
;
; For more information on the config file, please see:
; http://supervisord.org/configuration.html
;
; Notes:
; - Shell expansion ("~" or "$HOME") is not supported. Environment
; variables can be expanded using this syntax: "%(ENV_HOME)s".
; - Quotes around values are not supported, except in the case of
; the environment= options as shown below.
; - Comments must have a leading space: "a=b ;comment" not "a=b;comment".
; - Command will be truncated if it looks like a config file comment, e.g.
; "command=bash -c 'foo ; bar'" will truncate to "command=bash -c 'foo ".
[unix_http_server]
file=/tmp/supervisor.sock ; the path to the socket file
;chmod=0700 ; socket file mode (default 0700)
;chown=nobody:nogroup ; socket file uid:gid owner
;username=user ; default is no username (open server)
;password=123 ; default is no password (open server)
;[inet_http_server] ; inet (TCP) server disabled by default
;port=127.0.0.1:9001 ; ip_address:port specifier, *:port for all iface
;username=user ; default is no username (open server)
;password=123 ; default is no password (open server)
[supervisord]
logfile=/tmp/supervisord.log ; main log file; default $CWD/supervisord.log
logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; max main logfile bytes b4 rotation; default 50MB
logfile_backups=10 ; # of main logfile backups; 0 means none, default 10
loglevel=info ; log level; default info; others: debug,warn,trace
pidfile=/tmp/supervisord.pid ; supervisord pidfile; default supervisord.pid
nodaemon=false ; start in foreground if true; default false
minfds=1024 ; min. avail startup file descriptors; default 1024
minprocs=200 ; min. avail process descriptors;default 200
;umask=022 ; process file creation umask; default 022
;user=chrism ; default is current user, required if root
;identifier=supervisor ; supervisord identifier, default is 'supervisor'
;directory=/tmp ; default is not to cd during start
;nocleanup=true ; don't clean up tempfiles at start; default false
;childlogdir=/tmp ; 'AUTO' child log dir, default $TEMP
;environment=KEY="value" ; key value pairs to add to environment
;strip_ansi=false ; strip ansi escape codes in logs; def. false
; The rpcinterface:supervisor section must remain in the config file for
; RPC (supervisorctl/web interface) to work. Additional interfaces may be
; added by defining them in separate [rpcinterface:x] sections.
[rpcinterface:supervisor]
supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface
; The supervisorctl section configures how supervisorctl will connect to
; supervisord. configure it match the settings in either the unix_http_server
; or inet_http_server section.
[supervisorctl]
serverurl=unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL for a unix socket
;serverurl=http://127.0.0.1:9001 ; use an http:// url to specify an inet socket
;username=chris ; should be same as in [*_http_server] if set
;password=123 ; should be same as in [*_http_server] if set
;prompt=mysupervisor ; cmd line prompt (default "supervisor")
;history_file=~/.sc_history ; use readline history if available
; The sample program section below shows all possible program subsection values.
; Create one or more 'real' program: sections to be able to control them under
; supervisor.
[program:test123]
command=/usr/bin/python /home/wangzhe/test1.py ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
;numprocs=1 ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
;directory=/tmp ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
;umask=022 ; umask for process (default None)
;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999)
;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
;startsecs=1 ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1)
;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3)
;autorestart=unexpected ; when to restart if exited after running (def: unexpected)
;exitcodes=0,2 ; 'expected' exit codes used with autorestart (default 0,2)
;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
;stopasgroup=false ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false)
;killasgroup=false ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false)
;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
;redirect_stderr=true ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false)
;stdout_logfile=/a/path ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stdout logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
;stdout_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
;stderr_logfile=/a/path ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stderr_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stderr logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stderr_capture_maxbytes=1MB ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
;stderr_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stderr writes (default false)
;environment=A="1",B="2" ; process environment additions (def no adds)
;serverurl=AUTO ; override serverurl computation (childutils)
; The sample eventlistener section below shows all possible eventlistener
; subsection values. Create one or more 'real' eventlistener: sections to be
; able to handle event notifications sent by supervisord.
;[eventlistener:theeventlistenername]
;command=/bin/eventlistener ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
;numprocs=1 ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
;events=EVENT ; event notif. types to subscribe to (req'd)
;buffer_size=10 ; event buffer queue size (default 10)
;directory=/tmp ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
;umask=022 ; umask for process (default None)
;priority=-1 ; the relative start priority (default -1)
;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
;startsecs=1 ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1)
;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3)
;autorestart=unexpected ; autorestart if exited after running (def: unexpected)
;exitcodes=0,2 ; 'expected' exit codes used with autorestart (default 0,2)
;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
;stopasgroup=false ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false)
;killasgroup=false ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false)
;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
;redirect_stderr=false ; redirect_stderr=true is not allowed for eventlisteners
;stdout_logfile=/a/path ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stdout logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stdout_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
;stderr_logfile=/a/path ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stderr_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stderr logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stderr_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stderr writes (default false)
;environment=A="1",B="2" ; process environment additions
;serverurl=AUTO ; override serverurl computation (childutils)
; The sample group section below shows all possible group values. Create one
; or more 'real' group: sections to create "heterogeneous" process groups.
;[group:thegroupname]
;programs=progname1,progname2 ; each refers to 'x' in [program:x] definitions
;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999)
; The [include] section can just contain the "files" setting. This
; setting can list multiple files (separated by whitespace or
; newlines). It can also contain wildcards. The filenames are
; interpreted as relative to this file. Included files *cannot*
; include files themselves.
;[include]
;files = relative/directory/*.ini