mariadb数据库管理系统

# yum install MariaDB-client MariaDB-server MariaDB-devel（安装）
# systemctl start mysql（启动服务）

# chkconfig mysql on

或者

systemctl enable mariadb 

（设为开机启动）

# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation（修改基本配置）

[root@localhost~]# mysql_secure_installation 
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): 当前数据库密码为空，直接敲击回车。
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 输入要为root用户设置的数据库密码。
Re-enter new password: 重复再输入一次密码。
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y（删除匿名帐号）
 ... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y(禁止root用户从远程登录)
 ... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y(删除test数据库并取消对其的访问权限)
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y(刷新授权表，让初始化后的设定立即生效)
 ... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!

很多生产环境中需要使用站库分离的技术，因此如果同学们需要让root管理员帐户能够用远程访问数据库时，可在刚刚初始化过程中设置允许root管理员帐户从远程访问的策略，然后再设置防火墙允许对本机mysql服务程序的访问请求即可：

[root@localhost~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mysql
success
[root@localhost~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

MariaDB [(none)]> create user luke@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'linuxprobe';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

CREATE USER 用户名@主机名 IDENTIFIED BY '密码';

MariaDB [mysql]> select host,user,password from user where user="luke";
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user | password                                  |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | luke | *55D9962586BE75F4B7D421E6655973DB07D6869F |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+

命令	作用
GRANT 权限 ON 数据库.表单名称 TO 用户名@主机名	对某个特定数据库中的特定表单给予授权。
GRANT 权限 ON 数据库.* TO 用户名@主机名	对某个特定数据库中的所有表单给予授权。
GRANT 权限 ON *.* TO 用户名@主机名	对所有数据库及所有表单给予授权。
GRANT 权限1,权限2 ON 数据库.* TO 用户名@主机名	对某个数据库中的所有表单给予多个授权。
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 用户名@主机名	对所有数据库及所有表单给予全部授权，（谨慎操作）。

MariaDB [(none)]> show grants for luke@localhost;
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for luke@localhost |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'luke'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*55D9962586BE75F4B7D421E6655973DB07D6869F' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `mysql`.`user` TO 'luke'@'localhost' |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

revoke 移除权限 用法同grant

用法	作用
CREATE database 数据库名称。	创建新的数据库。
DESCRIBE 表单名称;	描述表单。
UPDATE 表单名称 SET attribute=新值 WHERE attribute > 原始值;	更新表单中的数据。
USE 数据库名称;	指定使用的数据库。
SHOW databases;	显示当前已有的数据库。
SHOW tables;	显示当前数据库中的表单。
SELECT * FROM 表单名称;	从表单中选中某个记录值。
DELETE FROM 表单名 WHERE attribute=值;	从表单中删除某个记录值。

数据库的备份及恢复

[root@local~]# mysqldump -u root -p abc> /root/aabbccDB.dump
Enter password: 

删除数据库

MariaDB [(none)]> drop database linuxprobe;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

恢复数据库

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mysql -u root -p abc< /root/aabbccDB.dump 
Enter password: 此处输入root管理员帐户在数据库中的密码值