新装ubuntu常用操作及注意事项

1、更换源

更换源要根据当前CPU架构和ubuntu版本，常见的CPU架构：

目前市面上的CPU分类主要分有两大阵营，一个是intel、AMD为首的复杂指令集CPU，另一个是以IBM、ARM为首的精简指令集CPU。两个不同品牌的CPU，其产品的架构也不相同，例如，Intel、AMD的CPU是X86架构的，而IBM公司的CPU是PowerPC架构，ARM公司是ARM架构

针对arm架构+ubuntu 18.04使用如下方法更改源：

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

将一下内容写入sources.list,(注意：如果从网上查找的源，请将https更改为http)：

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe

检查/etc/apt/sources.list.d目录下是否有multistrap-bionic.list文件，将文件中的https更改为http

然后执行(一次执行一行指令)一下命令，更新软件，升级系统：

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

针对x86或x64架构+ubuntu 20.04LTS使用如下方法更改源(未经详细验证，请谨慎使用)：

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

将一下内容写入sources.list,(注意：如果从网上查找的源，请将https更改为http)：

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

然后执行(一次执行一行指令)一下命令，更新软件，升级系统：

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

参考来源：

关于ARM架构的ubuntu18.04软件源https://blog.csdn.net/fine12138/article/details/100976798https://blog.csdn.net/fine12138/article/details/100976798apt-get update 和 upgrade 的区别https://blog.csdn.net/duyiwuer2009/article/details/26983267?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=apt-get%20update%E4%B8%8Eupgrade%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~sobaiduweb~default-0-26983267.pc_search_mgc_flag&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187https://blog.csdn.net/duyiwuer2009/article/details/26983267?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=apt-get%20update%E4%B8%8Eupgrade%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~sobaiduweb~default-0-26983267.pc_search_mgc_flag&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187