Hadoop MapReduce 框架原理 | OutputFormat数据输出 | 案列实操

Hadoop中的MapReduce是一种编程模型，用于大规模数据集的并行运算

下面的连接是我的MapReduce系列博客~配合食用效果更佳！

• MapReduce 开发总结 | 内容过于精彩，别人女朋友看完都跟我跑了！

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一、OutputFormat是做什么的？

OutputFormat可以说是MapReduce处理过程的最后一步，由它负责把输出的信息输送到哪个文件或者哪个数据库，等等

OutputFormat是MapReduce输出的基类，所有实现MapReduce输出都实现了OutputFormat接口，下图为OutputFormat的几个常见实现类（请忽略画横线的，那是我自定义的）：

它的默认输出格式为TextOutputFormat

二、实现自定义OutputFormat的步骤 套路

• 自定义一个类继承FileOutputFormat，实现RecordWriter方法，实际上只需要调用RecordWriter最终返回就可以了
  
• 改写RecordWriter方法，需要实现write和close方法
  

三、案例实操

1、需求分析

需求：过滤输入的log日志，包含atguigu的网站输出到atguigu.log文件，其他的输出到other.log文件

因为该案例只输出字符串，所以Mapper的参数应该这样写，map方法只需要把Text写到context就好了：

public class LogMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text,Text, NullWritable>

同理，Reducer应该这样定义：

public class LogReducer extends Reducer<Text, NullWritable,Text,NullWritable>

因为FileOutputFormat需要加两个参数，它对应最终输出的类型，所以：

public class LogOutputFormat extends FileOutputFormat<Text, NullWritable>

同理，RecordWriter的参数：

public class LogRecordWriter extends RecordWriter<Text, NullWritable>

2、撸代码

Mapper：

package com.wzq.mapreduce.outputformat;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;

import java.io.IOException;

public class LogMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text,Text, NullWritable> {

    @Override
    protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    	//只需要写到context里就好了，什么都不需要做
        context.write(value,NullWritable.get());
    }
}

Reducer：

package com.wzq.mapreduce.outputformat;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;

import java.io.IOException;

public class LogReducer extends Reducer<Text, NullWritable,Text,NullWritable> {

    @Override
    protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<NullWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    	//为了防止重复的数据，需要使用for遍历写
        for (NullWritable value : values) {
            context.write(key,NullWritable.get());
        }
    }
}

OutputFormat：

package com.wzq.mapreduce.outputformat;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordWriter;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

import java.io.IOException;

public class LogOutputFormat extends FileOutputFormat<Text, NullWritable> {

    @Override
    public RecordWriter<Text, NullWritable> getRecordWriter(TaskAttemptContext job) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    	//创建一个LogRecordWriter，把job传递给它，然后返回就好了
        LogRecordWriter lrw = new LogRecordWriter(job);
        return lrw;
    }

}

RecordWriter：

package com.wzq.mapreduce.outputformat;

import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordWriter;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;

import java.io.IOException;

public class LogRecordWriter extends RecordWriter<Text, NullWritable> {
    
    //两个流
    private FSDataOutputStream atguiguOut;
    private FSDataOutputStream otherOut;

    public LogRecordWriter(TaskAttemptContext job) {
        try {
            //在这里创建FileSystem，这里的Configuration应该是job的Configuration
            FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
            //设置atguigu的输出路径
            atguiguOut = fs.create(new Path("D:\\BigData_workspace\\output\\logOutput\\atguigu.log"));
            //设置其他的输出路径
            otherOut = fs.create(new Path("D:\\BigData_workspace\\output\\logOutput\\other.log"));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void write(Text key, NullWritable value) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        String log = key.toString();
        //判断是否包含atguigu
        if (log.contains("atguigu")) {
            //如果包含则使用atguigu流
            atguiguOut.writeBytes(log + "\n");
        } else {
            otherOut.writeBytes(log + "\n");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void close(TaskAttemptContext context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //关闭两个流
        IOUtils.closeStream(atguiguOut);
        IOUtils.closeStream(otherOut);
    }
}

Driver：

package com.wzq.mapreduce.outputformat;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

import java.io.IOException;

public class LogDriver {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, ClassNotFoundException {
        //1、获取Job
        Job job = Job.getInstance(new Configuration());

        //2、设置jar包路径
        job.setJarByClass(LogDriver.class);

        //3、关联Mapper和Reducer
        job.setMapperClass(LogMapper.class);
        job.setReducerClass(LogReducer.class);

        //4、设置Map输出类型
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);

        //5、设置最终输出类型
        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);

        //关联OutPutFormat
        job.setOutputFormatClass(LogOutputFormat.class);

        //6、设置输入输出路径
        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("D:\\BigData_workspace\\input\\inputoutputformat"));
        //因为mapreduce要输出计算成功信息，所以需要设置一个路径
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("D:\\BigData_workspace\\output\\logOutput\\info"));

        //7、提交Job
        System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
    }

}

测试：