使用lettuce_webdiver做UI测试

lettuce_webdriver主要针对python语言编写UI自动化测试脚本。安装环境，可参考这篇文章，lettuce_webdriver自动化测试,这里，就不多说了。
用过selenium的人可能都知道，编写测试时，需要编写feature文件，以及steps文件。lettuce_webdirver的好处在于，作者已经在源码中集成了下面这些steps，当你在编写feature时，不需要再给这些步骤编写其对应的step文件，很是方便。lettuce_webdriver源码可参看https://github.com/bbangert/lettuce_webdriver/

# urls
I visit "http://google.com/"
I go to "http://google.com/"

# links
I click "Next page"
I should see a link with the url "http://foobar.com/"
I should see a link to "Google" with the url "http://google.com/"
I should see a link that contains the text "Foobar" and the url "http://foobar.com/"

# general
I should see "Page Content"
I see "Page Content"
I should see "Page Content" within 4 seconds
I should not see "Foobar"
I should be at "http://foobar.com/"
I should see an element with id of "http://bar.com/"
I should see an element with id of "http://bar.com/" within 2 seconds
I should not see an element with id of "http://bar.com/"
The element with id of "cs_PageModeContainer" contains "Read"
The element with id of "cs_BigDiv" does not contain "Write"

# browser
The browser's URL should be "http://bar.com/"
The browser's URL should contain "foo.com"
The browser's URL should not contain "bar.com"

# forms
I should see a form that goes to "http://bar.com/submit.html"
I press "Submit"

# checkboxes
I check "I have a car"
I uncheck "I have a bus"
The "I have a car" checkbox should be checked
The "I have a bus" checkbox should not be checked

# select
I select "Volvo" from "Car Choices"
I select the following from "Car Choices":
    """
    Volvo
    Saab
    """
The "Volvo" option from "Car Choices" should be selected
The following options from "Car Choices" should be selected:
    """
    Volvo
    Saab
    """

# radio buttons
I choose "Foobar"
The "Foobar" option should be chosen
The "Bar" option should not be chosen

# text entry fields (text, textarea, password)
I fill in "Username" with "Smith"

下面举一个实例，测试界面如下图：

观察该界面，首先看导航栏部分，导航栏共有“排名”，“注册”，“登录”三个超链接，主页部分，为一个登录框，需要输入用户名与密码，以及一个登录按钮和“忘记密码”的链接。接下来，我们对这个页面编写自动化测试脚本。
首先建立好目录：

features文件夹中为feature文件，step.py放在step_definitions文件夹中，support文件夹中，为terrain.py文件。
terrain.py:

from lettuce import before, world
from selenium import webdriver
import lettuce_webdriver.webdriver

@before.all
def setup_browser():
    world.browser = webdriver.Chrome()

编写test.feature，放在feature文件夹下：

Feature: test

Scenario: 点击登录
Given I go to "http://127.0.0.1:5000/"
When I click "登录"
Then I should see "忘记密码" within 2 second

Scenario: 点击注册
Given I go to "http://127.0.0.1:5000/"
When I click "注册"
Then I should see "注册新用户" within 2 second

Scenario: 点击排名
Given I go to "http://127.0.0.1:5000/"
When I click "排名"
Then I should see "something" within 2 second

Scenario: login
Given I go to "http://127.0.0.1:5000/"
Given I click "登录"
When I fill in "用户名" with "test"
And I fill in "密码" with "12345455"
And I press "登录"
Then I should see "something" within 2 second
Then I click "注销"

Scenario: 忘记密码
Given I go to "http://127.0.0.1:5000/"
Given I click "登录"
When I click ".....忘记密码？"
Then I should see "something"
Then I close browser

上面的test.feature文件中，基本上，都是用的lettuce_webdriver作者已经写好的step,所以我们不想要再为它们编写step文件了。只有“I close browser”没有被定义，所以steps.py文件如下：

from lettuce import *  
from lettuce_webdriver.util import assert_false  
from lettuce_webdriver.util import AssertContextManager 
@step('I close browser')
def close_browser(step):
    world.browser.quit()

到这里，针对这个页面的自动化测试脚本就编写完成了。
在命令行输入lettuce运行即可，运行截图如下：

注意，由于feature文件中涉及到中文，由于编码问题，可能会报错，这时候，找到你安装的lettuce_webdriver,在lettuce_webdriver文件夹下的webdriver.py代码最前面加上如下代码即可：

import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')

欢迎交流！