Oracle 官网定义Class 文件: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/jvms-4.html
The ClassFile
Structure
A class
file consists of a single ClassFile
structure:
ClassFile {
u4 magic;
u2 minor_version;
u2 major_version;
u2 constant_pool_count;
cp_info constant_pool[constant_pool_count-1];
u2 access_flags;
u2 this_class;
u2 super_class;
u2 interfaces_count;
u2 interfaces[interfaces_count];
u2 fields_count;
field_info fields[fields_count];
u2 methods_count;
method_info methods[methods_count];
u2 attributes_count;
attribute_info attributes[attributes_count];
}
The items in the ClassFile
structure are as follows:
magic
The magic
item supplies the magic number identifying the class
file format; it has the value 0xCAFEBABE
每个Class文件的头4个字节称为魔数(Magic Number),它唯一作用就是用来确定文件是否能被虚拟机接受。
很多文件存储标准中都用魔数进行身份标识,如图片gif,jpeg都在文件头部中存储着魔数。使用魔数而不是用扩展名来进行识别主要是基于安全考虑,因为扩展名我们可以随意通过重命名等方式改动
minor_version, major_version
The values of the minor_version
and major_version
items are the minor and major version numbers of this class
file. Together, a major and a minor version number determine the version of the class
file format. If a class
file has major version number M and minor version number m, we denote the version of its class
file format as M.m. Thus, class
file format versions may be ordered lexicographically, for example, 1.5 < 2.0 < 2.1.
A Java Virtual Machine implementation can support a class
file format of version v if and only if v lies in some contiguous range Mi.0 ≤ v ≤ Mj.m. The release level of the Java SE platform to which a Java Virtual Machine implementation conforms is responsible for determining the range.
Oracle's Java Virtual Machine implementation in JDK release 1.0.2 supports class
file format versions 45.0 through 45.3 inclusive. JDK releases 1.1.* support class
file format versions in the range 45.0 through 45.65535 inclusive. For k ≥ 2, JDK release 1.k supports class
file format versions in the range 45.0 through 44+k.0 inclusive.
constant_pool_count
The value of the constant_pool_count
item is equal to the number of entries in the constant_pool
table plus one. A constant_pool
index is considered valid if it is greater than zero and less than constant_pool_count
, with the exception for constants of type long
and double
noted in §4.4.5.
constant_pool[]
The constant_pool
is a table of structures (§4.4) representing various string constants, class and interface names, field names, and other constants that are referred to within the ClassFile
structure and its substructures. The format of each constant_pool
table entry is indicated by its first "tag" byte.
The constant_pool
table is indexed from 1 to constant_pool_count
- 1.
access_flags
The value of the access_flags
item is a mask of flags used to denote access permissions to and properties of this class or interface. The interpretation of each flag, when set, is specified in Table 4.1-A.
Table 4.1-A. Class access and property modifiers
Flag Name | Value | Interpretation |
---|---|---|
ACC_PUBLIC | 0x0001 | Declared public ; may be accessed from outside its package. |
ACC_FINAL | 0x0010 | Declared final ; no subclasses allowed. |
ACC_SUPER | 0x0020 | Treat superclass methods specially when invoked by the invokespecial instruction. |
ACC_INTERFACE | 0x0200 | Is an interface, not a class. |
ACC_ABSTRACT | 0x0400 | Declared abstract ; must not be instantiated. |
ACC_SYNTHETIC | 0x1000 | Declared synthetic; not present in the source code. |
ACC_ANNOTATION | 0x2000 | Declared as an annotation type. |
ACC_ENUM | 0x4000 | Declared as an enum type. |
An interface is distinguished by the ACC_INTERFACE
flag being set. If the ACC_INTERFACE
flag is not set, this class
file defines a class, not an interface.
If the ACC_INTERFACE
flag is set, the ACC_ABSTRACT
flag must also be set, and the ACC_FINAL
, ACC_SUPER
, and ACC_ENUM
flags set must not be set.
If the ACC_INTERFACE
flag is not set, any of the other flags in Table 4.1-A may be set except ACC_ANNOTATION
. However, such a class
file must not have both its ACC_FINAL
and ACC_ABSTRACT
flags set (JLS §8.1.1.2).
The ACC_SUPER
flag indicates which of two alternative semantics is to be expressed by the invokespecial instruction (§invokespecial) if it appears in this class or interface. Compilers to the instruction set of the Java Virtual Machine should set the ACC_SUPER
flag. In Java SE 8 and above, the Java Virtual Machine considers the ACC_SUPER
flag to be set in every class
file, regardless of the actual value of the flag in the class
file and the version of the class
file.
The ACC_SUPER
flag exists for backward compatibility with code compiled by older compilers for the Java programming language. In JDK releases prior to 1.0.2, the compiler generated access_flags
in which the flag now representing ACC_SUPER
had no assigned meaning, and Oracle's Java Virtual Machine implementation ignored the flag if it was set.
The ACC_SYNTHETIC
flag indicates that this class or interface was generated by a compiler and does not appear in source code.
An annotation type must have its ACC_ANNOTATION
flag set. If the ACC_ANNOTATION
flag is set, the ACC_INTERFACE
flag must also be set.
The ACC_ENUM
flag indicates that this class or its superclass is declared as an enumerated type.
All bits of the access_flags
item not assigned in Table 4.1-A are reserved for future use. They should be set to zero in generated class
files and should be ignored by Java Virtual Machine implementations.
this_class
The value of the this_class
item must be a valid index into the constant_pool
table. The constant_pool
entry at that index must be a CONSTANT_Class_info
structure (§4.4.1) representing the class or interface defined by this class
file.
super_class
For a class, the value of the super_class
item either must be zero or must be a valid index into the constant_pool
table. If the value of the super_class
item is nonzero, the constant_pool
entry at that index must be a CONSTANT_Class_info
structure representing the direct superclass of the class defined by this class
file. Neither the direct superclass nor any of its superclasses may have the ACC_FINAL
flag set in the access_flags
item of its ClassFile
structure.
If the value of the super_class
item is zero, then this class
file must represent the class Object
, the only class or interface without a direct superclass.
For an interface, the value of the super_class
item must always be a valid index into the constant_pool
table. The constant_pool
entry at that index must be a CONSTANT_Class_info
structure representing the class Object
.
interfaces_count
The value of the interfaces_count
item gives the number of direct superinterfaces of this class or interface type.
interfaces[]
Each value in the interfaces
array must be a valid index into the constant_pool
table. The constant_pool
entry at each value of interfaces[i]
, where 0 ≤ i < interfaces_count
, must be a CONSTANT_Class_info
structure representing an interface that is a direct superinterface of this class or interface type, in the left-to-right order given in the source for the type.
fields_count
The value of the fields_count
item gives the number of field_info
structures in the fields
table. The field_info
structures represent all fields, both class variables and instance variables, declared by this class or interface type.
fields[]
Each value in the fields
table must be a field_info
structure (§4.5) giving a complete description of a field in this class or interface. The fields
table includes only those fields that are declared by this class or interface. It does not include items representing fields that are inherited from superclasses or superinterfaces.
methods_count
The value of the methods_count
item gives the number of method_info
structures in the methods
table.
methods[]
Each value in the methods
table must be a method_info
structure (§4.6) giving a complete description of a method in this class or interface. If neither of the ACC_NATIVE
and ACC_ABSTRACT
flags are set in the access_flags
item of a method_info
structure, the Java Virtual Machine instructions implementing the method are also supplied.
The method_info
structures represent all methods declared by this class or interface type, including instance methods, class methods, instance initialization methods (§2.9), and any class or interface initialization method (§2.9). The methods
table does not include items representing methods that are inherited from superclasses or superinterfaces.
attributes_count
The value of the attributes_count
item gives the number of attributes in the attributes
table of this class.
attributes[]
Each value of the attributes
table must be an attribute_info
structure (§4.7).
The attributes defined by this specification as appearing in the attributes
table of a ClassFile
structure are listed in Table 4.7-C.
The rules concerning attributes defined to appear in the attributes
table of a ClassFile
structure are given in §4.7.
The rules concerning non-predefined attributes in the attributes
table of a ClassFile
structure are given in §4.7.1.