GO defer,slice,map,struct(部分) 几个函数的使用方法

defer

参考李文周老师视频 他的的博客 (liwenzhou.com)
函数结束之前触发，最后输出

函数中 return 的返回早于 defer

func main()  {

	defer fmt.Println(3)
	fmt.Println(1)
	fmt.Println(2)
}

Slice切片(动态数组)

数组传递拷贝

切片传递指针

数组定义

arr := [10]int{}
var arr [10]int

//遍历 for 循环 和 for range
arr := []int{1,2,3,4}
	for i := 0;i < len(arr);i++{
	//fmt.Println(arr[i])
	}
	for _,value := range arr{
		fmt.Println(value)
		arr[0] = 12
	}	

四种声明方式

追加片段append(原切片,添加片段)

make([]T, size, cap)

var arr = make([]int,3,5)
	arr = append(arr,1)
	fmt.Println(cap(arr),len(arr),arr)

//切片的copy()
s := []int{1,2,3,34}
	s1 := s[0:2]
	s1[0] = 123
	fmt.Println(s)
	s2 := make([]int,3)
	copy(s2,s)
	fmt.Println(s2)

//append()
lf := []int{1,2,3}
	lf1 := []int{}

	s := append(lf1,lf...)
    fmt.Println(s)

map(键值对)

make(map[KeyType]ValueType, [cap])

package main

import "fmt"

func printMap(m map[string]string)  {
	//m是一个引用传递
	for k,v := range m{
		fmt.Println(k,v)
	}
}

func changeMap(c map[string]string)  {
	c["3"]= "123"
}

func main()  {
	lf := make(map[string]string)
	lf["1"] = "lf"
	lf["2"] = "lf2"
	lf["3"] = "lf3"
	delete(lf,"1")
	changeMap(lf)
	printMap(lf)
}

//因为是指针类型，拷贝需遍历
originalMap := make(map[string]int)
originalMap["one"] = 1
originalMap["two"] = 2

// Create the target map
targetMap := make(map[string]int)

// Copy from the original map to the target map
for key, value := range originalMap {
    targetMap[key] = value
}

声明方式

区别

//如果使用make初始化

//slice
slice := make([]type,size,cap)
//map
map := make(map[KeyType]ValueType,[cap])

struct(部分)

基本使用

有深浅拷贝的区别

package main

import "fmt"

type lf int

type Book struct {
	title string
	auth string
}

func changeBook1(book Book)  {
	//拷贝副本
	book.auth = "nishishei"
}
func changeBook2(book *Book)  {
	//指针传递
	book.auth = "nishishei222"
}

func main()  {
	//var a lf = 10
	//fmt.Printf("%T",a)
	var book1 Book
	book1.title = "我的名字"
	book1.auth = "lf"
	fmt.Println(book1)
	//
	changeBook1(book1)
	fmt.Println(book1)
	//值改变
	changeBook2(&book1)
	fmt.Println(book1)
}