java笔记2.4--线程池

可能遇到的问题：

1.为什么要用线程池？避免因线程切换造成的性能损耗。

2.构造线程池时，你关注哪些参数？

3.线程池时如何接受并处理任务的？任务满了以后怎么办？

4.在使用线程池时，如何避免OOM异常？

基本用法：

定义Runnable（没有返回值）或者Callable（可以有返回值）类型的任务

创建ThreadPoolExector，注意参数

把任务放进线程池运行

通过shutdown方法关闭，即不接受新任务，当前线程执行完后退出。

class MyThread extends Thread{
    private String name;

    public MyThread(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void run(){
        System.out.println("Thread: " + name + " start ");
        try {
            sleep(5000);
        }catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("Thread "+ name + " finnish");
    }
}
public class ThreadPoolDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //创建线程池
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2,4,200,
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5));

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i){
            MyThread mytast = new MyThread(Integer.valueOf(i).toString());
            //加入线程池
            executor.execute(mytast);
        }
        //关闭
        executor.shutdown();
    }
}
运行结果：
Thread: 0 start 
Thread: 1 start 
Thread 0 finnish
Thread 1 finnish
Thread: 3 start 
Thread: 2 start 
Thread 3 finnish
Thread 2 finnish
Thread: 4 start 
Thread 4 finnish

创建线程池后，线程数为0，有任务就会创建一个线程去执行，当达到corePoolSize(第一个参数：2)时，会把新的任务放到缓存队列。
maximumPlloSize（第二个参数:4）表示线程池中最多能创建多少个线程。
keepAliveTime（第三个参数：200）表示线程没有执行任务时最多保持多久时间会终止unit（第四个参数：TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS）为时间单位。workQueue（第五个参数：new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5)）为阻塞队列，用来存储等待执行的任务。
本实例没有的参数：第七个参数hander : 拒绝处理任务时的侧缺，有4个取值，常用的是丢弃任务抛异常（也是默认参数AbortPolicy），悄悄丢弃（Discardpolicy）

创建线程池后，没有线程，直到任务到来，达到设置Size后，再来就放入queue队列，如果该队列有界，最大就maxSize，如果无界，任务一直放进队列，导致OOM。

扩展顺序：新建的线程先放入线程池corePoolSize(第一个参数：2)，从第三个开始放入缓冲队列workQueue（第五个参数：new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5)）。此时这个也满了，从第8个开始由这个参数（maximumPlloSize - corePoolSize）控制可建几个线程、
 

class Task implements Runnable{
    private int num;

    public Task(int num){
        this.num = num;
    }

    public void run(){
        System.out.println("the tast "+ num + " is running");
        try {
            Thread.currentThread().sleep(5000);
        }catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("tast " + num + " finished");
    }
}
public class PoolParamDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5,10,200,
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5));

        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i){
            Task task = new Task(i);
            executor.execute(task);
            System.out.println("The thread number in Thread Poss is:" + executor.getPoolSize() + ", the queue length is: "+
                    executor.getQueue().size() + ", finished thread num is: " + executor.getCompletedTaskCount());
        }
        executor.shutdown();
    }
}
运行结果：
the tast 0 is running
The thread number in Thread Poss is:1, the queue length is: 0, finished thread num is: 0
The thread number in Thread Poss is:2, the queue length is: 0, finished thread num is: 0
the tast 1 is running
The thread number in Thread Poss is:3, the queue length is: 0, finished thread num is: 0
the tast 2 is running
The thread number in Thread Poss is:4, the queue length is: 0, finished thread num is: 0
The thread number in Thread Poss is:5, the queue length is: 0, finished thread num is: 0
the tast 3 is running
The thread number in Thread Poss is:5, the queue length is: 1, finished thread num is: 0
The thread number in Thread Poss is:5, the queue length is: 2, finished thread num is: 0
the tast 4 is running
The thread number in Thread Poss is:5, the queue length is: 3, finished thread num is: 0
tast 0 finished
the tast 5 is running
tast 2 finished
tast 1 finished
the tast 7 is running
the tast 6 is running
tast 4 finished
tast 3 finished
tast 5 finished
tast 7 finished
tast 6 finished

说辞：

消息发布模块，通过线程池处理消息。

如果不慎把workQueue设置无界会导致：

CAT监控内存，不定期内存用量偏高。

业务高峰时不定期OOM

解决：用Dump保存内存镜像，用JMAT分析，最终定位到线程池配置参数，修改为有界队列，合理设置拒绝策略。