在上篇博文《深入浅出学习Struts1框架(一):一个简单mvc模式代码示例开始》中简单说了一下MVC模式代码的实现和MVC模式和三层架构的区别,并且留下一个问题—如何去掉TestServlet中的IF-Else语句块。
因为在TestServlet中出现了If-Else语句块,所以让程序变得不再灵活,让应付需求变化时变得笨拙。所以就承接上篇文章来重构一下TestServlet代码,主要是用继承多肽来进一步对TestServlet进行重构。虽然这一篇文章最后没有将if-else彻底去掉,但是比起上篇文章的代码显得更加灵活,也为下一篇彻底去掉If-else埋下伏笔。
下面进入重构阶段:
先看一下上篇文章的TestServlet代码:
package com.cjq.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String requestURI=request.getRequestURI();
System.out.println("request="+requestURI);
String path=requestURI.substring(requestURI.indexOf("/",1),requestURI.indexOf("."));
System.out.println("path="+path);
String username=request.getParameter("username");
UserManager userManager=new UserManager();
//userManager.addUser(username);
String forward="";
if("/servlet/delUser".equals(path)){
userManager.delUser(username);
forward="/del_success.jsp";
}else if("/servlet/addUser".equals(path)){
userManager.addUser(username);
forward="/add_success.jsp";
}else if("/servlet/modifyUser".equals(path)){
userManager.modifyUser(username);
forward="/modify_success.jsp";
}else if("/servlet/queryUser".equals(path)){
List userList=userManager.queryUser(username);
request.setAttribute("userList", userList);
forward="/query_success.jsp";
}else{
throw new RuntimeException("请求失败");
}
request.getRequestDispatcher(forward).forward(request, response);
}
}
首先我们看到了在每个语句块中都出现了给forward赋值,其实也就是给页面跳转的路径赋值,针对每个请求路径判断来赋值跳转路径。另外每个IF-Else语句块中都有业务处理,我们要把这些业务处理分别放到类里面,让职责更加单一,这样更加符合面向对象的思路。
就从这里我们开始重构,我们可以将这个跳转路径和业务逻辑封装起来。
既然封装,那么我们就抽象出来一个借口,主要完成一个方法,这个方法主要的功能就是要完成业务逻辑封装和路径跳转的返回。随后建立四个类,主要实现相应的增删改查的业务处理和处理之后的跳转路径返回。
代码如下:
接口Action:
package com.cjq.servlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public interface Action {
public String execute(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception;
}
增删改查实现类:
添加用户实现类:
package com.cjq.servlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class AddUserAction implements Action { public String execute(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { String username=request.getParameter("username"); UserManager userManager=new UserManager(); userManager.addUser(username); return "/add_success.jsp"; } }
删除用户实现类:
package com.cjq.servlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class DelUserAction implements Action {
public String execute(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
String username=request.getParameter("username");
UserManager userManager=new UserManager();
userManager.delUser(username);
return "/del_success.jsp";
}
}
更新用户实现类:
package com.cjq.servlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ModifyUserAction implements Action {
@Override
public String execute(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
String username=request.getParameter("username");
UserManager userManager=new UserManager();
userManager.modifyUser(username);
return "/modify_success.jsp";
}
}
查询用户实现类:
package com.cjq.servlet;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class QueryUserAction implements Action {
@Override
public String execute(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
String username=request.getParameter("username");
UserManager userManager=new UserManager();
List userList=userManager.queryUser(username);
request.setAttribute("userList", userList);
return "/query_success.jsp";
}
}
TestServlet类重构如下:
package com.cjq.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String requestURI=request.getRequestURI();
System.out.println("request="+requestURI);
String path=requestURI.substring(requestURI.indexOf("/",1),requestURI.indexOf("."));
System.out.println("path="+path);
Action action=null;
if("/servlet/delUser".equals(path)){
action=new DelUserAction();
}else if("/servlet/addUser".equals(path)){
action=new AddUserAction();
}else if("/servlet/modifyUser".equals(path)){
action=new ModifyUserAction();
}else if("/servlet/queryUser".equals(path)){
action=new QueryUserAction();
}else{
throw new RuntimeException("请求失败");
}
String forward=null;
try{
forward=action.execute(request, response);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
request.getRequestDispatcher(forward).forward(request, response);
}
}
运行结果:
这样TestServlet类虽然没有彻底去掉If-Else,但是这样的代码变得更加简练,利用多肽实现业务逻辑处理和路径跳转返回。职责更加清晰,让维护变得更加轻松。
问题遗留:
If-else语句块没有彻底剔除,而且程序中依旧出现了过多的字符串,所以程序依旧是不灵活,而且字符串过多增加调试的复杂性。所以下一篇文章就把if-else语句块剔除,并且把字符串放到配置文件来用dom4j来动态读取。
我们离Struts框架越来越近,当我们把if-else和字符串剔除之后就会出现Struts框架的雏形。期待下一篇文章。