Linux创建虚拟环境env

ubuntu创建虚拟环境步骤：

(1) 首先创建一个目录，即你想把虚拟环境放在哪里  (用已经存在的目录也可)

mkdir  env/

(2) 利用命令行创建虚拟环境

 virtualenv -p python3 env

虚拟环境创建成功的截图： 

 (3) 进入你所创建的虚拟环境

 source env/bin/activate

 (4) 关闭虚拟环境

deactivate 

常见问题

如果你创建环境失败了，并显示下边的报错代码：

xuan:/home/ubuntu/studentAssign/software$  virtualenv -p python3 env
Running virtualenv with interpreter /home/ubuntu/studentAssign//.pyenv/shims/python3
Using base prefix '/home/ubuntu/studentAssign//.pyenv/versions/3.8.1'
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py:1085: DeprecationWarning: the imp module is deprecated in favour of importlib; see the module's documentation for alternative uses
  import imp
New python executable in /home/ubuntu/studentAssign/software/env/bin/python3
Also creating executable in /home/ubuntu/studentAssign/software/env/bin/python
Installing setuptools < 51.3, pkg_resources, pip < 21, wheel...
  Complete output from command /home/ubuntu/student...ware/env/bin/python3 - "setuptools < 51.3" pkg_resources "pip < 21" wheel:
  Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/basecommand.py", line 209, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/commands/install.py", line 267, in run
    with self._build_session(options) as session:
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/basecommand.py", line 66, in _build_session
    session = PipSession(
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/download.py", line 321, in __init__
    self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/download.py", line 93, in user_agent
    zip(["name", "version", "id"], platform.linux_distribution()),
AttributeError: module 'platform' has no attribute 'linux_distribution'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 24, in <module>
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/__init__.py", line 217, in main
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/basecommand.py", line 242, in main
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/basecommand.py", line 66, in _build_session
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/download.py", line 321, in __init__
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/download.py", line 93, in user_agent
AttributeError: module 'platform' has no attribute 'linux_distribution'
----------------------------------------
...Installing setuptools < 51.3, pkg_resources, pip < 21, wheel...done.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 2366, in <module>
    main()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 709, in main
    create_environment(home_dir,
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 987, in create_environment
    install_wheel(
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 918, in install_wheel
    call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=False, extra_env=env, stdin=SCRIPT)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 810, in call_subprocess
    raise OSError(
OSError: Command /home/ubuntu/student...ware/env/bin/python3 - "setuptools < 51.3" pkg_resources "pip < 21" wheel failed with error code 1

面对上述的问题，你可以更新一下pip版本，具体命令如下：

$ sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip

 更新完之后，再重新创建虚拟环境就可以了

$ virtualenv -p python3 xiaenv

 

以上是关于虚拟环境比较基础的操作，希望可以帮到你~