SQL Server中char、nchar、varchar、nvarchar的区别
对于程序中的一般字符串类型的字段,SQL Server中有char、varchar、nchar、nvarchar四种类型来对应,那么这四种类型有什么区别呢,这里做一下对比。
1.定长或变长
所谓定长就是长度固定,当要保存的数据长度不够时将自动在其后面填充英文空格,使长度达到相应的长度;有var前缀的,表示是实际存储空间是动态变化的,比如varchar,nvarchar变长字符数据则不会以空格填充。
2.Unicode或非Unicode
数据库中,英文字符只需要一个字节存储就足够了,但汉字和其他众多非英文字符,则需要两个字节存储。如果英文与汉字同时存在,由于占用空间数不同,容易造成混乱,导致读取出来的字符串是乱码。Unicode字符集就是为了解决字符集这种不兼容的问题而产生的,它所有的字符都用两个字节表示,即英文字符也是用两个字节表示。而前缀n就表示Unicode字符,比如nchar,nvarchar,这两种类型使用了Unicode字符集。
3.几种数据类型的存储的最大容量
char,varchar 最多8000个英文,4000个汉字
nchar,nvarchar 最多可存储4000个字符,无论英文还是汉字
- --创建表
- CREATE TABLE TempTable(
- id INT PRIMARY KEY,
- charField CHAR(10),
- varcharField VARCHAR(10),
- nvarcharField NVARCHAR(10)
- )
- INSERT INTO TempTable VALUES(1,'WFTH','WFTH','WFTH')
- INSERT INTO TempTable VALUES(2,'无风听海','无风听海','无风听海')
- INSERT INTO TempTable VALUES(3,'','','')
- INSERT INTO TempTable(id) VALUES(4)
- INSERT INTO TempTable VALUES(5,'1234567890','1234567890','12345')
- SELECT DATALENGTH(charField) AS charFieldLen,
- DATALENGTH(varcharField) AS varcharFieldLen,
- DATALENGTH(nvarcharField) AS nvarcharFieldLen
- FROM temptable WHERE id =1
- SELECT DATALENGTH(charField) AS charFieldLen,
- DATALENGTH(varcharField) AS varcharFieldLen,
- DATALENGTH(nvarcharField) AS nvarcharFieldLen
- FROM temptable WHERE id =2
- SELECT DATALENGTH(charField) AS charFieldLen,
- DATALENGTH(varcharField) AS varcharFieldLen,
- DATALENGTH(nvarcharField) AS nvarcharFieldLen
- FROM temptable WHERE id =3
- SELECT DATALENGTH(charField) AS charFieldLen,
- DATALENGTH(varcharField) AS varcharFieldLen,
- DATALENGTH(nvarcharField) AS nvarcharFieldLen
- FROM temptable WHERE id =4
- SELECT DATALENGTH(charField) AS charFieldLen,charField,
- DATALENGTH(varcharField) AS varcharFieldLen,varcharField,
- DATALENGTH(nvarcharField) AS nvarcharFieldLen,nvarcharField
- FROM temptable WHERE id =5