基于spark的大数据分析预测地震受灾情况的系统设计
在本篇博客中，我们将介绍如何使用Apache Spark框架进行地震受灾情况的预测。我们将结合数据分析、特征工程、模型训练和评估等步骤，最终建立一个预测模型来预测地震造成的破坏程度，同时使用可视化大屏的方式展示数据的分布。
1、数据来源和准备
我们使用了合并后的地震数据作为我们的数据集。首先，让我们来看一下我们的数据集
# 读取数据
data = spark.read.csv("../data_ana/merged_data.csv", header=True, inferSchema=True).sample(False, 0.1, seed=42)
data.show()
2、数据预处理和特征工程
在数据预处理和特征工程阶段，我们将对数据进行清洗、转换和特征提取等操作。具体步骤如下：
# 数据预处理和特征工程
string_cols = ['gender_individual', 'presence_in_household', 'disability_individual',
'education_level_individual','marital_status_individual', 'legal_ownership_status',
'land_surface_condition', 'foundation_type','roof_type', 'ground_floor_type',
'other_floor_type', 'position', 'plan_configuration','condition_post_eq',
'damage_grade_x', 'technical_solution_proposed_x', 'area_assesed',
'technical_solution_proposed_y','vdcmun_name', 'district_name']
# 创建 StringIndexer 和 OneHotEncoder 对象
indexers = [StringIndexer(inputCol=column, outputCol=column+"_index",handleInvalid="skip") for column in string_cols]
encoder = OneHotEncoder(inputCols=[column+"_index" for column in string_cols],
outputCols=[column+"_encoded" for column in string_cols])
# 创建特征向量
assembler = VectorAssembler(inputCols=encoder.getOutputCols(), outputCol="features")
# 创建Pipeline
pipeline = Pipeline(stages=indexers + [encoder, assembler])
data_final = pipeline.fit(data).transform(data)
data_final.show()
3、异常数据处理
在异常数据处理阶段，我们将处理可能存在的异常情况，确保数据的完整性和准确性：
# 使用正则表达式提取数字部分
data_final = data_final.withColumn("damage_grade_y_numeric", regexp_extract(data_final["damage_grade_y"], r'\d+', 0))
# 将列转换为 numeric 类型
data_final = data_final.withColumn("damage_grade_y_numeric", data_final["damage_grade_y_numeric"].cast("int"))
# 显示转换后的结果
data_final.select("damage_grade_y", "damage_grade_y_numeric").show()
4、标题模型训练和评估
在模型训练和评估阶段，我们将使用随机森林分类器进行模型训练，并评估模型在测试集上的表现：
# 划分数据集为训练集和测试集
(train_data, test_data) = data_final.randomSplit([0.8, 0.2], seed=1234)
# 初始化随机森林分类器
rf = RandomForestClassifier(labelCol="damage_grade_y_numeric", featuresCol="features", numTrees=10)
# 训练模型
model = rf.fit(train_data)
# 在测试集上进行预测
predictions = model.transform(test_data)
# 模型评估
evaluator = MulticlassClassificationEvaluator(labelCol="damage_grade_y_numeric", predictionCol="prediction", metricName="accuracy")
accuracy = evaluator.evaluate(predictions)
print("Test Accuracy = {:.2f}%".format(accuracy * 100))
标题5、可视化大屏实现与展示
为了更直观地展示预测结果，我们设计了一个可视化大屏。该大屏将包括地图展示、受灾情况分布图以及预测结果展示等内容，以帮助用户更好地理解地震造成的破坏程度。
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