在编写最简单的linux 内核驱动， 编译后出现的问题以及解决方法。

一、make 过后，出现的问题。

make -C /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72 M=/home/ubuntu/Desktop/haoba/3th modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72'
  CC [M]  /home/ubuntu/Desktop/haoba/3th/usb_register.o
In file included from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h:16:0,
                 from include/linux/bitops.h:22,
                 from include/linux/kernel.h:10,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Desktop/haoba/3th/usb_register.c:2:
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/arch_hweight.h: In function ‘__arch_hweight64’:
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/arch_hweight.h:53:42: error: expected ‘:’ or ‘)’ before ‘POPCNT64’
  asm (ALTERNATIVE("call __sw_hweight64", POPCNT64, X86_FEATURE_POPCNT)
                                          ^
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h:98:31: note: in definition of macro ‘ALTINSTR_REPLACEMENT’
  b_replacement(number)":\n\t" newinstr "\n" e_replacement(number) ":\n\t"
                               ^
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/arch_hweight.h:53:7: note: in expansion of macro ‘ALTERNATIVE’
  asm (ALTERNATIVE("call __sw_hweight64", POPCNT64, X86_FEATURE_POPCNT)
       ^
In file included from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h:148:0,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h:4,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h:8,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h:16,
                 from include/linux/bitops.h:22,
                 from include/linux/kernel.h:10,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Desktop/haoba/3th/usb_register.c:2:
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h: At top level:
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/cache.h:7:25: error: ‘CONFIG_X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT’ undeclared here (not in a function)
 #define L1_CACHE_SHIFT (CONFIG_X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT)
                         ^
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/cache.h:8:30: note: in expansion of macro ‘L1_CACHE_SHIFT’
 #define L1_CACHE_BYTES (1 << L1_CACHE_SHIFT)
                              ^
include/linux/cache.h:12:25: note: in expansion of macro ‘L1_CACHE_BYTES’
 #define SMP_CACHE_BYTES L1_CACHE_BYTES
                         ^
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:131:30: note: in expansion of macro ‘SMP_CACHE_BYTES’
 } __attribute__((__aligned__(SMP_CACHE_BYTES))

In file included from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h:22:0,
                 from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
                 from include/linux/preempt.h:9,
                 from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
                 from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
                 from include/linux/time.h:5,
                 from include/uapi/linux/timex.h:56,
                 from include/linux/timex.h:56,
                 from include/linux/sched.h:17,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Desktop/haoba/3th/usb_register.c:4:
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:131:1: error: requested alignment is not an integer constant
 } __attribute__((__aligned__(SMP_CACHE_BYTES)));
 ^
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:164:0: warning: "cache_line_size" redefined [enabled by default]
 #define cache_line_size() (boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_alignment)
 ^
In file included from include/linux/time.h:4:0,
                 from include/uapi/linux/timex.h:56,
                 from include/linux/timex.h:56,
                 from include/linux/sched.h:17,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Desktop/haoba/3th/usb_register.c:4:
include/linux/cache.h:64:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define cache_line_size() L1_CACHE_BYTES
 ^
In file included from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h:22:0,
                 from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
                 from include/linux/preempt.h:9,
                 from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
                 from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
                 from include/linux/time.h:5,
                 from include/uapi/linux/timex.h:56,
                 from include/linux/timex.h:56,
                 from include/linux/sched.h:17,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Desktop/haoba/3th/usb_register.c:4:
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:253:1: error: requested alignment is not an integer constant
 } __attribute__((packed)) ____cacheline_aligned;
 ^
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:284:1: error: requested alignment is not an integer constant
 } ____cacheline_aligned;
 ^
In file included from include/asm-generic/percpu.h:6:0,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h:531,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/current.h:5,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:15,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h:22,
                 from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
                 from include/linux/preempt.h:9,
                 from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
                 from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
                 from include/linux/time.h:5,
                 from include/uapi/linux/timex.h:56,
                 from include/linux/timex.h:56,
                 from include/linux/sched.h:17,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Desktop/haoba/3th/usb_register.c:4:
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:433:32: error: requested alignment is not an integer constant
 DECLARE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct stack_canary, stack_canary);
                                ^
include/linux/percpu-defs.h:79:38: note: in definition of macro ‘DECLARE_PER_CPU_SECTION’
  extern __PCPU_ATTRS(sec) __typeof__(type) name
                                      ^
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:433:1: note: in expansion of macro ‘DECLARE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED’
 DECLARE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct stack_canary, stack_canary);
 ^
In file included from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/atomic.h:274:0,
                 from include/linux/atomic.h:4,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h:23,
                 from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
                 from include/linux/preempt.h:9,
                 from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
                 from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
                 from include/linux/time.h:5,
                 from include/uapi/linux/timex.h:56,
                 from include/linux/timex.h:56,
                 from include/linux/sched.h:17,
                 from /home/ubuntu/Desktop/haoba/3th/usb_register.c:4:
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:19:1: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
 static inline long atomic64_read(const atomic64_t *v)
 ^
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h: In function ‘atomic64_read’:
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:21:32: error: request for member ‘counter’ in something not a structure or union
  return (*(volatile long *)&(v)->counter);
                                ^
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h: At top level:
/home/ubuntu/Downloads/linux-3.12.72/arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:31:33: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
 static inline void atomic64_set(atomic64_t *v, long i)

截取了大部分的问题。

二、解决问题的方式。

在网上说找的错误是默认的是生成的X86平台的。

解决的方式在编译的时候使用 make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-，然后 是编译的ARCH 和CROSS_COMPILE 变量没有设定，那么就在默认编译，所以就不是编译交叉编译成arm 上可以插入的模块。

为了不每次编译的时候都写的这么麻烦，我采用修改   路径/linux源码/ Makefile ,用vim Makefile 打开， 找到

ARCH            ?= $(SUBARCH)
       CROSS_COMPILE   ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%)

然后修改为

        ARCH            := arm
       CROSS_COMPILE   := arm-linux-