前言:
通过本篇,可以了解一下几点:
- Android中网络请求进化
- okhttp是什么
- okhttp的简单使用
如果有兴趣,可以看下我的另一篇,okhttp的简单封装:
网络请求发展:
- HttpURLConnection—>Apache HTTP Client—>Volley—->okHttp
OkHttp是什么:
- 项目开源地址 :https://github.com/square/okhttp
- 项目使用:在build.gradle中加入依赖
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.0.1'
OkHttp是一个高效的HTTP库:
- 1.支持 SPDY ,共享同一个Socket来处理同一个服务器的所有请求
- 2.如果SPDY不可用,则通过连接池来减少请求延时
- 3.无缝的支持GZIP来减少数据流量
- 4.缓存响应数据来减少重复的网络请求
优点:
- OkHttp会从很多常用的连接问题中自动恢复。如果您的服务器配置了多个IP地址,当第一个IP连接失败的时候,会自动尝试下一个IP。OkHttp还处理了代理服务器问题和SSL握手失败问题。
- 使用 OkHttp 无需重写您程序中的网络代码。OkHttp实现了几乎和java.net.HttpURLConnection一样的API。如果您用了 Apache HttpClient,则OkHttp也提供了一个对应的okhttp-apache 模块
Okhttp的基本使用,从以下五方面讲解:
- 1.Get请求(同步和异步)
- 2.POST请求表单(key-value)
- 3.POST请求提交(JSON/String/文件等)(这个有待研究)
- 4.文件下载
- 5.请求超时设置
GET请求同步方法
<code class="hljs vbscript has-numbering"> OkHttpClient client=<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> OkHttpClient(); <span class="hljs-built_in">Request</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">request</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">Request</span>.Builder().url(url) .build(); <span class="hljs-built_in">Response</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">response</span>= client.newCall(<span class="hljs-built_in">request</span>).<span class="hljs-keyword">execute</span>(); <span class="hljs-built_in">String</span> message=<span class="hljs-built_in">response</span>.body().<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>();</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul>
GET请求异步方法
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"> OkHttpClient client=<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> OkHttpClient(); Request request = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Request.Builder().url(url).build(); client.newCall(request).enqueue(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Callback() { <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onFailure</span>(Request request, IOException e) { } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onResponse</span>(Response response) <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException { } }); </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li></ul>
POST请求提交
在这里解释一下,我在用3.0的时候,去找FormEncodingBuilder(),这个方法,找不到了,就去了他的官网查看了信息,找到了一下一段解释:
- We’ve replaced the opaque FormEncodingBuilder with the more powerful FormBody and FormBody.Builder combo. Similarly we’ve upgraded MultipartBuilder into MultipartBody, MultipartBody.Part, and MultipartBody.Builder.
okhttp3.0之前:
<code class="hljs vbscript has-numbering"> OkHttpClient client = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> OkHttpClient(); RequestBody forBody = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> FormEncodingBuilder().add(<span class="hljs-string">"username"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"tom"</span>).add(<span class="hljs-string">"password"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"1110"</span>).build(); <span class="hljs-built_in">Request</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">request</span>=<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">Request</span>.Builder().url(url).post(forBody).build(); client.newCall(<span class="hljs-built_in">request</span>).enqueue(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Callback() { @Override <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> void onFailure(<span class="hljs-built_in">Request</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">request</span>, IOException e) { } @Override <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> void onResponse(<span class="hljs-built_in">Response</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">response</span>) throws IOException { <span class="hljs-built_in">Log</span>.d(<span class="hljs-string">"xiaoming"</span>,<span class="hljs-built_in">response</span>.body().<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>()); } }); </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li></ul>
okhttp3.0之后
<code class="hljs vbscript has-numbering"> OkHttpClient client = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> OkHttpClient(); FormBody formBody = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> FormBody.Builder() .add(<span class="hljs-string">"type"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"1"</span>) .build(); <span class="hljs-built_in">Request</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">request</span>=<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">Request</span>.Builder().url(url).post(forBody).build(); client.newCall(<span class="hljs-built_in">request</span>).enqueue(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Callback() { @Override <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> void onFailure(<span class="hljs-built_in">Request</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">request</span>, IOException e) { } @Override <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> void onResponse(<span class="hljs-built_in">Response</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">response</span>) throws IOException { <span class="hljs-built_in">Log</span>.d(<span class="hljs-string">"xiaoming"</span>,<span class="hljs-built_in">response</span>.body().<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>()); } }); </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li></ul>
文件下载
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"> String url = <span class="hljs-string">"http://www.0551fangchan.com/images/keupload/20120917171535_49309.jpg"</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">//构建request对象 </span> Request request = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Request.Builder().url(url).build(); OkHttpClient client = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> OkHttpClient(); client.newCall(request).enqueue(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Callback() { <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onFailure</span>(Call call, IOException e) { } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onResponse</span>(Call call, Response response) <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException { InputStream inputStream = response.body().byteStream(); FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> FileOutputStream(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File(<span class="hljs-string">"/sdcard/logo.jpg"</span>)); <span class="hljs-keyword">byte</span>[] buffer = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">byte</span>[<span class="hljs-number">2048</span>]; <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> len = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -<span class="hljs-number">1</span>) { fileOutputStream.write(buffer, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, len); } fileOutputStream.flush(); Log.d(<span class="hljs-string">"wuyinlei"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"文件下载成功..."</span>); } });</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li></ul>
超时设置:
okhttp3.0之前:
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering"> client<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setConnectTimeout</span>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, TimeUnit<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.SECONDS</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> client<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setWriteTimeout</span>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, TimeUnit<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.SECONDS</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> client<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setReadTimeout</span>(<span class="hljs-number">30</span>, TimeUnit<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.SECONDS</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li></ul>
okhttp3.0之后:
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering"> client<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.newBuilder</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.connectTimeout</span>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, TimeUnit<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.SECONDS</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> client<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.newBuilder</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.readTimeout</span>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>,TimeUnit<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.SECONDS</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> client<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.newBuilder</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.writeTimeout</span>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>,TimeUnit<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.SECONDS</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li></ul>
下面看下结果演示:
注:不知道为什么,我的写入sdcard的权限也加了,就是提示我下载的时候没有权限,我只能用真机了,这里通过log日志来反馈下载成功:
下面来看下代码,布局很简单,四个按钮,一个textview,这里就不解释了
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> com.example.okhttpdemo; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> android.os.Bundle; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> android.util.Log; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> android.view.View; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> android.widget.Button; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> android.widget.TextView; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.io.File; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.io.FileOutputStream; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.io.IOException; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.io.InputStream; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> okhttp3.Call; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> okhttp3.Callback; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> okhttp3.FormBody; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> okhttp3.OkHttpClient; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> okhttp3.Request; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> okhttp3.Response; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MainActivity</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">AppCompatActivity</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">View</span>.<span class="hljs-title">OnClickListener</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Button syncGet; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Button asyncget; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Button post; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Button fileDownload,fengzhuang; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> TextView tvtext; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String result; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> OkHttpClient client = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> OkHttpClient(); <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** * 在这里直接设置连接超时,静态方法内,在构造方法被调用前就已经初始话了 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> { client.newBuilder().connectTimeout(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, TimeUnit.SECONDS); client.newBuilder().readTimeout(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, TimeUnit.SECONDS); client.newBuilder().writeTimeout(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Request request; <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onCreate</span>(Bundle savedInstanceState) { <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initialize(); initListener(); } <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** * 事件监听 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">initListener</span>() { syncGet.setOnClickListener(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>); asyncget.setOnClickListener(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>); post.setOnClickListener(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>); fileDownload.setOnClickListener(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>); fengzhuang.setOnClickListener(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>); } <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** * 初始化布局控件 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">initialize</span>() { syncGet = (Button) findViewById(R.id.syncGet); asyncget = (Button) findViewById(R.id.asyncget); post = (Button) findViewById(R.id.post); tvtext = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_text); fileDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.fileDownload); fengzhuang = (Button) findViewById(R.id.fengzhuang); } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onClick</span>(View v) { <span class="hljs-keyword">switch</span> (v.getId()) { <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> R.id.syncGet: initSyncData(); <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> R.id.asyncget: initAsyncGet(); <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> R.id.post: initPost(); <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> R.id.fileDownload: downLoadFile(); <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> R.id.fengzhuang: <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>; } } <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** * get请求同步方法 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">initSyncData</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Runnable() { <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">run</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { request = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Request.Builder().url(Contants.SYNC_URL).build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); result = response.body().string(); runOnUiThread(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Runnable() { <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">run</span>() { tvtext.setText(result); Log.d(<span class="hljs-string">"MainActivity"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"hello"</span>); } }); } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); } <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** * 异步请求 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">initAsyncGet</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Runnable() { <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">run</span>() { request = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Request.Builder().url(Contants.ASYNC_URL).build(); client.newCall(request).enqueue(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Callback() { <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** * A call is a request that has been prepared for execution. A call can be canceled. As this object * represents a single request/response pair (stream), it cannot be executed twice. * * *<span class="hljs-javadoctag"> @param</span> call 是一个接口, 是一个准备好的可以执行的request * 可以取消,对位一个请求对象,只能单个请求 *<span class="hljs-javadoctag"> @param</span> e */</span> <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onFailure</span>(Call call, IOException e) { Log.d(<span class="hljs-string">"MainActivity"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"请求失败"</span>); } <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** * *<span class="hljs-javadoctag"> @param</span> call *<span class="hljs-javadoctag"> @param</span> response 是一个响应请求 *<span class="hljs-javadoctag"> @throws</span> IOException */</span> <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onResponse</span>(Call call, Response response) <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException { <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** * 通过拿到response这个响应请求,然后通过body().string(),拿到请求到的数据 * 这里最好用string() 而不要用toString() * toString()每个类都有的,是把对象转换为字符串 * string()是把流转为字符串 */</span> result = response.body().string(); runOnUiThread(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Runnable() { <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">run</span>() { tvtext.setText(result); } }); } }); } }).start(); } <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** * 表单提交 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">initPost</span>() { String url = <span class="hljs-string">"http://112.124.22.238:8081/course_api/banner/query"</span>; FormBody formBody = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> FormBody.Builder() .add(<span class="hljs-string">"type"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"1"</span>) .build(); request = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Request.Builder().url(url) .post(formBody).build(); <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Runnable() { <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">run</span>() { client.newCall(request).enqueue(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Callback() { <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onFailure</span>(Call call, IOException e) { } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onResponse</span>(Call call, <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> Response response) <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException { runOnUiThread(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Runnable() { <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">run</span>() { tvtext.setText(<span class="hljs-string">"提交成功"</span>); } }); } }); } }).start(); } <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** * 文件下载地址 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">downLoadFile</span>() { String url = <span class="hljs-string">"http://www.0551fangchan.com/images/keupload/20120917171535_49309.jpg"</span>; request = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Request.Builder().url(url).build(); OkHttpClient client = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> OkHttpClient(); client.newCall(request).enqueue(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Callback() { <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onFailure</span>(Call call, IOException e) { } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onResponse</span>(Call call, Response response) <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException { <span class="hljs-comment">//把请求成功的response转为字节流</span> InputStream inputStream = response.body().byteStream(); <span class="hljs-javadoc">/** * 在这里要加上权限 在mainfests文件中 * <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/> * <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> */</span> <span class="hljs-comment">//在这里用到了文件输出流</span> FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> FileOutputStream(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File(<span class="hljs-string">"/sdcard/logo.jpg"</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment">//定义一个字节数组</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">byte</span>[] buffer = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">byte</span>[<span class="hljs-number">2048</span>]; <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> len = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -<span class="hljs-number">1</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment">//写出到文件</span> fileOutputStream.write(buffer, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, len); } <span class="hljs-comment">//关闭输出流</span> fileOutputStream.flush(); Log.d(<span class="hljs-string">"wuyinlei"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"文件下载成功..."</span>); } }); } } </code>
好了,简单的okhttp使用就介绍到这里了,接下来会对其完成以下简单的封装。
由于okhttp3.0较于之前的有些变化,大家使用的时候可以去看下他们官方的说明,这样在使用中就会少了不必要的麻烦了。
原文网址 http://blog.csdn.net/wuyinlei/article/details/50579564