java web 过滤器Filter

作用：对url进行统一拦截处理，用于应用程序层面进行全局处理。

（https://blog.csdn.net/yuzhiqiang_1993/article/details/81288912）

• 任何过滤器都要实现javax.servlet.Filter接口
• 在Filter接口的doFilter()方法中编写过滤器的功能代码
• 在web.xml中对过滤器进行配置，说明拦截URL的范围

---

第一个过滤器

MyFirstFilter.java

public class MyFirstFilter implements Filter {

	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		Filter.super.destroy();
	}

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
			throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		System.out.println("过滤器已经生效");
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		Filter.super.init(filterConfig);
	}

}

web.xml配置（或者使用注解配置）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>first-filter</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <filter>
    <filter-name>MyFirstFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.ulikeme.filter.MyFirstFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>MyFirstFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

（注解形式配置）

@WebFilter(filterName="MyAnnoationFilter",urlPatterns="/*")

创建index.html并且访问，控制台输出

---

     

字符集过滤器（解决get，post请求乱码）

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
			throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
		req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

		HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) response;
		res.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

		chain.doFilter(request, response);

	}

过滤器参数化

（字符集过滤器优化）

web.xml中配置

<filter>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.ulikeme.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <!-- 过滤器参数 -->
    <init-param>
    	<param-name>encoding</param-name>
    	<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
     <init-param>
    	<param-name>encoding2</param-name>
    	<param-value>GBK</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {

	private String encoding;
	
	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
			throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
		req.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);

		HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) response;
		res.setContentType("text/html;charset="+encoding);

		chain.doFilter(request, response);

	}

	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		Filter.super.destroy();
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		encoding=filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
		
	}

}

注解形式配置

@WebFilter(filterName="MyAnnoationFilter",urlPatterns="/*",initParams= {
        @WebInitParam(name="p1",value="v1"),
        @WebInitParam(name="p2",value="v2")
})

---

url-pattern设置过滤范围

过滤链

• 每个过滤器具有独立的职能
• 过滤器执行顺序以  <filter-mapping>顺序为准（注解形式则按照类名字母表升序顺序排序）
• 调用chain.doFilter()将请求向后传递