网上可以找到python的openCV库的英文教程，本文对其中的部分实例进行了实现和注释，同时针对cv2这个库更改了原来程序中一些会报错的地方。
#原程序是像草稿一样写在 jupyter notebook里的，方便分cell运行测试，现在就直接贴进来不做修改了。import numpy as npimport cv2
# 读取一张照片
img = cv2.imread('8.jpg')
# 沿着横纵轴放大1.6倍，然后平移(-150,-240)，最后沿原图大小截取，等效于裁剪并放大
M_crop_elephant = np.array([
[1.6, 0, -150],
[0, 1.6, -240]
], dtype=np.float32)
img_elephant = cv2.warpAffine(img, M_crop_elephant, (400, 600))
cv2.imwrite('3_0.jpg', img_elephant)
# x轴的剪切变换，角度15°
theta = 10 * np.pi / 180
M_shear = np.array([
[1, np.tan(theta), 0],
[0, 1, 0]
], dtype=np.float32)
img_sheared = cv2.warpAffine(img, M_shear, (400, 600))
cv2.imwrite('3_1.jpg', img_sheared)
# 顺时针旋转，角度15°
M_rotate = np.array([
[np.cos(theta), -np.sin(theta), 0],
[np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta), 0]
], dtype=np.float32)
img_rotated = cv2.warpAffine(img, M_rotate, (400, 600))
cv2.imwrite('3_2.jpg', img_rotated)
# 某种变换，具体旋转+缩放+旋转组合可以通过SVD分解理解
M = np.array([
[1, 1.5, -400],
[0.5, 2, -100]
], dtype=np.float32)
img_transformed = cv2.warpAffine(img, M, (400, 600))
cv2.imwrite('3_3.jpg', img_transformed)
import cv2#画图
import numpy as np
im = np.zeros((512,512,3),np.uint8)
cv2.line(im,(0,0),(511,511),(255,255,0),100)#区域，起点，终点，颜色，线粗
cv2.namedWindow("Image")
cv2.imshow("Image", im)
cv2.waitKey (0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#鼠标交互
import cv2
import numpy as np
def draw_circle(event,x,y,flags,param):
if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDBLCLK:
cv2.circle(img,(x,y),100,(255,0,0),-1)
img = np.zeros((512,512,3),np.uint8)
cv2.namedWindow('image')
cv2.setMouseCallback('image',draw_circle)
while 1:
cv2.imshow('image',img)
if cv2.waitKey(20)&0xFF==27:
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#混叠图片
import cv2
import numpy as np
im1 = cv2.imread('7.jpg')
im2 = cv2.imread('10.jpg')
mix = cv2.addWeighted(im1,0.7,im2,0.3,0)#加权叠加图片，图片大小要相等
cv2.imshow('mix',mix)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#滤出单色
import cv2
import numpy as np
while 1:
im1 = cv2.imread('10.jpg')
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(im1,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
blue_low = np.array([110,50,50])#颜色的上下限可以网上查表
blue_high = np.array([130,255,255])
green_low = np.array([0,0,221])
green_high = np.array([180,30,255])
mask_blue = cv2.inRange(hsv,blue_low,blue_high)
mask_green = cv2.inRange(hsv,green_low,green_high)
res = cv2.bitwise_and(im1,im1,mask=mask_green + mask_blue)
cv2.imshow('im1',im1)
cv2.imshow('mask',mask_green)
cv2.imshow('res',res)
k = cv2.waitKey(5)&0xFF
if k == 27:
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#图像旋转——矩阵自动生成，通常使用构建变换矩阵的方法实现图片的旋转平移，在cv2里封装了生成矩阵的函数
im1 = cv2.imread('10.jpg')
r,c,b = im1.shape
M = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D((c/2,r/2),45,0.6)
dst = cv2.warpAffine(im1,M,(2*c,2*r))
while 1:
cv2.imshow('imgr',dst)
k = cv2.waitKey(5)&0xFF
if k == 27:
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
'''图像阈值'''
import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
im = cv2.imread('1.jpg',0)#0 灰度
img = cv2.medianBlur(im,5)#滤波降噪
#普通阈值
ret,th1 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
#自适应阈值
th2 = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(img,255,cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,11,2)
th3 = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(img,255,cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,11,2)
#加高斯核的otsu动态阈值
blur = cv2.GaussianBlur(im,(5,5),0)
re,th4 = cv2.threshold(blur,0,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY+cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
print type(th2)
titles = ['%d'%i for i in range(5)]
images = [img,th1,th2,th3,th4]
for i in range(5):
plt.subplot(2,3,i+1)
plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')
plt.title(titles[i])
plt.xticks([])
plt.yticks([])
plt.show()
img = cv2.imread('4.jpg')
blur = cv2.bilateralFilter(img,9,75,75)#双边滤波，保留边界
while 1:
cv2.imshow('imgr',blur)
k = cv2.waitKey(5)&0xFF
if k == 27:
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
img = cv2.imread('4.jpg')
blur = cv2.bilateralFilter(img,9,75,75)#双边滤波，保留边界
while 1:
cv2.imshow('imgr',blur)
k = cv2.waitKey(5)&0xFF
if k == 27:
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#使用滤波函数实现对图片的求导
import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv2.imread('6.jpg',0)
laplacian = cv2.Laplacian(img,cv2.CV_64F)#二阶导
sobelx = cv2.Sobel(img,cv2.CV_64F,1,0,ksize = 5)#x偏导,可拓展到二阶
sobely = cv2.Sobel(img,cv2.CV_64F,0,1,ksize = 5)#y偏导
titles = ['%d'%i for i in range(4)]
al = sobelx + sobely
images = [laplacian,sobelx,sobely,al]
for i in range(4):
plt.subplot(2,2,i+1)
plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')
plt.title(titles[i])
plt.xticks([])
plt.yticks([])
plt.show()
#canny边缘检测
import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv2.imread('4.jpg',0)
edg = cv2.Canny(img,100,200)
plt.subplot(121)
plt.imshow(img,cmap = 'gray')
plt.subplot(122)
plt.imshow(edg,cmap = 'gray')
plt.show()
#画轮廓
#图像的矩 cnt = contours[0] M = cv2.moments(cnt) #print type(M)#图像的矩 #cx = int(M['m10']/M['m00']) #cy = int(M['m01']/M['m00'])#对象重心 area = cv2.contourArea(cnt)#轮廓面积=m00 perimeter = cv2.arcLength(cnt,True)#轮廓周长 epsilon = 0.1*perimeter approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt,epsilon,True)#轮廓近似 print approx cv2.drawContours(imgr, approx, -1, (0,255,0), 5) dst = cv2.pointPolygonTest(cnt,(50,50),True) print dst#图像的掩模 mask = np.zeros(imgr.shape,np.uint8) cv2.drawContours(mask,[cnt],0,255,-1) cv2.imshow('1',imgr) cv2.waitKey(0) cv2.destroyAllWindows() import cv2 import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt#直方图 im = cv2.imread('1.jpg',0) hist = cv2.calcHist([im],[0],None,[256],[0,256])#图像、通道、掩模、bin数目、像素范围 im = cv2.imread('11.jpg',0) plt.hist(im.ravel(),256,[0,256]) plt.show()#多通道直方图 import cv2 import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt im = cv2.imread('7.jpg') color = ('b','g','r') for i,col in enumerate(color): hist = hist = cv2.calcHist([im],[i],None,[256],[0,256]) plt.plot(hist,color = col) plt.show()#通过直方图平均加强图片对比度 im = cv2.imread('16.png',0)#直方图平均 equ = cv2.equalizeHist(im) res = np.hstack((im,equ)) cv2.imshow('imgr',res) cv2.waitKey(0) cv2.destroyAllWindows() im = cv2.imread('14.png',0) clahe = cv2.createCLAHE(clipLimit=2.0,tileGridSize=(8,8))#有限对比适应性直方图均匀 cl1 = clahe.apply(im)#对对比度低的局部进行改善 res = np.hstack((im,cl1)) cv2.imshow('imgr',res) cv2.waitKey(0) cv2.destroyAllWindows()import cv2 import numpy as np img = cv2.imread('3.jpg') hsv = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)#2D直方图 hist = cv2.calcHist([hsv], [0, 1], None, [180, 256], [0, 180, 0, 256]) plt.imshow(hist,interpolation = 'nearest') plt.show()import cv2 import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt img = cv2.imread('1.jpg',0) dft = cv2.dft(np.float32(img),flags=cv2.DFT_COMPLEX_OUTPUT) dft_shift=np.fft.fftshift(dft) magnitude_spectrum = 20*np.log(cv2.magnitude(dft_shift[:,:,0],dft_shift[:,:,1]))#傅里叶变换 rows, cols = img.shape crow,ccol = rows/2 , cols/2 mask = np.zeros((rows,cols,2),np.uint8) mask[crow-30:crow+30, ccol-30:ccol+30] = 1 fshift = dft_shift*mask f_ishift = np.fft.ifftshift(fshift) img_back = cv2.idft(f_ishift) img_back = cv2.magnitude(img_back[:,:,0],img_back[:,:,1]) plt.subplot(121),plt.imshow(img, cmap = 'gray') plt.title('Input Image'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([]) plt.subplot(122),plt.imshow(img_back, cmap = 'gray') plt.title('Magnitude Spectrum'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([]) plt.show()import cv2 import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt #numpy实现傅里叶 img = cv2.imread('1.jpg',0) f = np.fft.fft2(img) fshift = np.fft.fftshift(f) magnitude_spectrum = 20*np.log(np.abs(fshift)) rows, cols = img.shape crow,ccol = rows/2 , cols/2 fshift[crow-30:crow+30, ccol-30:ccol+30] = 0 f_ishift = np.fft.ifftshift(fshift) img_back = np.fft.ifft2(f_ishift) img_back = np.abs(img_back) plt.subplot(131),plt.imshow(img, cmap = 'gray') plt.title('Input Image'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([]) plt.subplot(132),plt.imshow(img_back, cmap = 'gray') plt.title('Image after HPF'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([]) plt.subplot(133),plt.imshow(img_back) plt.title('Result in JET'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([]) plt.show()#模板匹配 import cv2 import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt img = cv2.imread('18.jpg',0)#原图 img2 = img.copy() template = cv2.imread('19.jpg',0) w, h = template.shape[::-1] # All the 6 methods for comparison in a list methods = ['cv2.TM_CCOEFF', 'cv2.TM_CCOEFF_NORMED', 'cv2.TM_CCORR', 'cv2.TM_CCORR_NORMED', 'cv2.TM_SQDIFF', 'cv2.TM_SQDIFF_NORMED'] for meth in methods: img = img2.copy() method = eval(meth) res = cv2.matchTemplate(img,template,method)#返回矩阵 min_val, max_val, min_loc, max_loc = cv2.minMaxLoc(res) if method in [cv2.TM_SQDIFF, cv2.TM_SQDIFF_NORMED]: top_left = min_loc else: top_left = max_loc bottom_right = (top_left[0] + w, top_left[1] + h) cv2.rectangle(img,top_left, bottom_right, 255, 5) plt.subplot(121),plt.imshow(res,cmap = 'gray') plt.title('Matching Result'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([]) plt.subplot(122),plt.imshow(img,cmap = 'gray') plt.title('Detected Point'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([]) plt.suptitle(meth) plt.show()#霍夫变换找直线 import cv2 import numpy as np img = cv2.imread('22.jpg') gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) edges = cv2.Canny(gray,50,150,apertureSize = 3) lines = cv2.HoughLines(edges,1,np.pi/180,200) for line in lines: #print line rho,theta = line[0] a = np.cos(theta) b = np.sin(theta) x0 = a*rho y0 = b*rho x1 = int(x0 + 1000*(-b)) y1 = int(y0 + 1000*(a)) x2 = int(x0 - 1000*(-b)) y2 = int(y0 - 1000*(a)) cv2.line(img,(x1,y1),(x2,y2),(0,0,255),2) cv2.imshow('imgr',img) cv2.waitKey(0) cv2.destroyAllWindows()#哈里斯角点检测 import cv2 import numpy as np filename = '3.jpg' img = cv2.imread(filename) gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) gray = np.float32(gray) dst = cv2.cornerHarris(gray,2,3,0.04) ret,dst = cv2.threshold(dst,0.01*dst.max(),255,0) dst = np.uint8(dst) #dst = cv2.dilate(dst,None)#可以不做 img[dst>0.01*dst.max()]=[0,0,255] cv2.imshow('dst',img) if cv2.waitKey(0) & 0xff == 27: cv2.destroyAllWindows()import numpy as np#改进哈里斯 import cv2 from matplotlib import pyplot as plt img = cv2.imread('4.jpg') gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) corners = cv2.goodFeaturesToTrack(gray,25,0.01,10) corners = np.int0(corners) for i in corners: x,y = i.ravel() cv2.circle(img,(x,y),5,0,-1) #plt.imshow(img),plt.show()#SIFT import cv2 import numpy as np img = cv2.imread('8.jpg') gray= cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) sift = cv2.SIFT() kp = sift.detect(gray,None)#找关键点 img=cv2.drawKeypoints(gray,kp,img,flags=cv2.DRAW_MATCHES_FLAGS_DRAW_RICH_KEYPOINTS)#画关键点 #指定参数 cv2.imshow('imgr',img) cv2.waitKey(0) cv2.destroyAllWindows()#SURF可用作斑点检测 img = cv2.imread('10.jpg',0)# # Create SURF object. You can specify params here or later. # Here I set Hessian Threshold to 400 surf = cv2.SURF(400) # Find keypoints and descriptors directly print surf.hessianThreshold#可以改变阈值来控制关键点数目 surf.hessianThreshold=1000 kp, des = surf.detectAndCompute(img,None) #img2 = cv2.drawKeypoints(img,kp,None,(255,0,0),5) img2 = cv2.drawKeypoints(img,kp,None,(255,0,0),4) print kp cv2.imshow('imgr',img2) cv2.waitKey(0) cv2.destroyAllWindows()#FAST特征检测，可应用机器学习优化,加入非最大值抑制与否 import numpy as np import cv2 from matplotlib import pyplot as plt img = cv2.imread('6.jpg',0) fast = cv2.FastFeatureDetector() # find and draw the keypoints kp = fast.detect(img,None) img2 = cv2.drawKeypoints(img, kp, None, color=(255,0,0)) # Print all default params '''print( "Threshold: {}".format(fast.getInt('threshold')) ) print( "nonmaxSuppression:{}".format(fast.getBool('nonmaxSuppression')) ) print( "neighborhood: {}".format(fast.getInt('type')) ) print( "Total Keypoints with nonmaxSuppression: {}".format(len(kp)) ) ''' # Disable nonmaxSuppression fast.setBool('nonmaxSuppression',0) kp = fast.detect(img,None) print( "Total Keypoints without nonmaxSuppression: {}".format(len(kp)) ) img3 = cv2.drawKeypoints(img, kp, None, color=(255,0,0)) im_all = np.hstack((img3,img2)) cv2.imshow('imgr',im_all) cv2.waitKey(0) cv2.destroyAllWindows()#蛮力匹配——报错,2版本没有drawmatch函数，没找到合适的办法 import numpy as np import cv2 from matplotlib import pyplot as plt img1 = cv2.imread('1.jpg',0) # queryImage img2 = cv2.imread('2.jpg',0) # trainImage # Initiate ORB detector orb = cv2.ORB() # find the keypoints and descriptors with ORB kp1, des1 = orb.detectAndCompute(img1,None)#查找兴趣点 kp2, des2 = orb.detectAndCompute(img2,None) # create BFMatcher object bf = cv2.BFMatcher(cv2.NORM_HAMMING, crossCheck=True) # Match descriptors. matches = bf.match(des1,des2)#创建匹配对象 # Sort them in the order of their distance. matches = sorted(matches, key = lambda x:x.distance) # Draw first 10 matches. img3 = cv2.drawMatches(img1,kp1,img2,kp2,matches[:10], flags=2) plt.imshow(img3),plt.show()
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