达梦8备份与恢复

DM8物理备份与恢复

目录

DM8物理备份与恢复

1、联机备份与恢复

2、脱机备份与恢复

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• 物理备份：直接扫描数据库文件，找出那些已经分配、使用的数据页，拷贝并保存到备份集中。物理备份过程中，不关心数据页的具体内容是什么，也不关心数据页属于哪一张表，只是简单的根据数据库文件系统的描述，来挑选有效的数据页。

• 物理备份根据数据库服务状态分为：联机备份（热备），脱机备份（冷备）。

• 联机备份：数据库服务运行的情况下进行备份。

• 脱机备份：数据库服务关闭的情况下进行备份。

个人总结：无论是联机备份还是脱机备份，只要是库级的物理备份，恢复的时候都需要脱机进行；

                  完全备份只需一条语句，恢复则要分三部曲，restore-->recover-->recover（三步在下面的实验中有演示）;

1、联机备份与恢复

步骤：开启归档-->联机备份-->删除数据-->关闭数据库服务-->执行三个恢复语句进行数据恢复-->启动数据库服务验证数据是否正确

1、开启归档模式：

正在上传…重新上传取消

 1）查看是否数据库是否处于归档状态（N为非归档状态，Y为归档状态）

SQL> select arch_mode from v$database;



LINEID     ARCH_MODE

---------- ---------

1          N



used time: 10.513(ms). Execute id is 52.

2）修改数据库为配置状态

SQL> alter database mount;

executed successfully

used time: 00:00:01.769. Execute id is 0.

3）添加归档类型及目录并开启归档

SQL> alter database add archivelog 'DEST=/dm8/arch,type=local';

executed successfully

used time: 36.225(ms). Execute id is 0.

SQL> alter database archivelog;

executed successfully

used time: 5.734(ms). Execute id is 0.

4）修改数据库为open状态

SQL> alter database open;

executed successfully

used time: 00:00:01.799. Execute id is 0.

SQL> select arch_mode from v$database;



LINEID     ARCH_MODE

---------- ---------

1          Y



used time: 1.047(ms). Execute id is 53.

 

2、开始备份

1）初始数据：

SQL> select * from test1;

LINEID     ID         

---------- -----------

1          1

2          2

3          3

4          4

5          5

6          6

7          7

8          8

9          9

10         10


10 rows got

used time: 2.101(ms). Execute id is 54.

2）开始联机备份：指定备份集路径为：/dm8/data/full_bak

SQL> BACKUP DATABASE BACKUPSET '/dm8/data/full_bak';

executed successfully

used time: 00:00:02.112. Execute id is 55.

3）备份成功，删除表：

SQL> drop table test1;

executed successfully

used time: 128.207(ms). Execute id is 56.

SQL> commit;

executed successfully

used time: 0.490(ms). Execute id is 57.

 

4）关闭数据库服务恢复数据（无论联机备份还是脱机备份，在恢复的时候都需要脱机恢复）

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./DmServiceDMSERVER stop

Stopping DmServiceDMSERVER:                                [ OK ]

5）开始恢复数据：

还原数据库：数据库的还原包括数据库配置文件还原和数据文件还原，通过 RESTORE 命令还原后的数据库不可用，需进一步执行 RECOVER 命令，将数据库恢复到备份结束时的状态。

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dmrman

dmrman V8

RMAN> restore database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/data/full_bak/';

restore database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/data/full_bak/';

file dm.key not found, use default license!

RESTORE DATABASE CHECK......

RESTORE DATABASE,data collect......

RESTORE DATABASE,database refresh ......

RESTORE BACKUPSET [/dm8/data/full_bak] START......

total 5 packages processed...

total 6 packages processed...

RESTORE DATABASE,UPDATE ctl file......

RESTORE DATABASE,REBUILD key file......

RESTORE DATABASE,CHECK db info......

RESTORE DATABASE,UPDATE db info......

total 6 packages processed...

total 6 packages processed!

CMD END.CODE:[0]

restore successfully.

time used: 00:00:01.195

6）恢复数据库
 

RMAN> recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/data/full_bak/';

recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/data/full_bak/';

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[43462]

RESTORE RLOG CHECK......

RESTORE RLOG, gen tmp file......

RESTORE RLOG FROM BACKUPSET [/dm8/data/full_bak] START......

total 2 packages processed...

total 2 packages processed...

total 2 packages processed!

CMD END.CODE:[0]

EP:0 total 1 pkgs applied, percent: 50%

EP:0 total 2 pkgs applied, percent: 100%

Recover from archive log finished, time used:0.017s.

recover successfully!

time used: 275.419(ms)

7）更新数据库

数据库更新是指更新数据库的 DB_MAGIC，并将数据库调整为可正常工作状态。数据库更新发生在重做 REDO 日志恢复数据库后，或者目标库不需要执行重做日志已经处于一致状态的情况。

RMAN> recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' UPDATE DB_MAGIC;

recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' UPDATE DB_MAGIC;

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[43466]

EP[0]'s apply_lsn[43466] >= end_lsn[43466]

recover successfully!

time used: 00:00:01.009

8）恢复过程中没有报错，启动数据库服务，查询数据并对比没有错误。

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./DmServiceDMSERVER start
Starting DmServiceDMSERVER:                                [ OK ]
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./disql 
disql V8
username:
password:

Server[LOCALHOST:5236]:mode is normal, state is open
login used time: 7.544(ms)
SQL> select * from test1;

LINEID     ID         
---------- -----------
1          1
2          2
3          3
4          4
5          5
6          6
7          7
8          8
9          9
10         10

10 rows got

used time: 12.037(ms). Execute id is 4.

 

2、脱机备份与恢复

关闭数据库服务的情况下使用rman工具（rman工具为数据库自带工具）进行备份：

步骤：关闭数据库服务-->脱机备份-->启动数据库服务并删除数据（也可以直接在一个新初始化的实例中做恢复）-->关闭数据库服务-->执行三个恢复语句-->启动服务并验证是否恢复成功：

和前面的联机备份恢复一样，先备份，再删除一些数据，然后进行恢复，看是否成功：

1）停掉数据库服务并使用数据库安装目录下的bin目录下的rman工具进行完全备份：

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./DmServiceDMSERVER stop
Stopping DmServiceDMSERVER:                                [ OK ]

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dmrman CTLSTMT="BACKUP DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' FULL TO BACKUP_FILE1 BACKUPSET '/dm8/data/BACKUP_FILE_01'"

dmrman V8

BACKUP DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' FULL TO BACKUP_FILE1 BACKUPSET '/dm8/data/BACKUP_FILE_01'

file dm.key not found, use default license!

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[46019]

BACKUP DATABASE [DAMENG],execute......

CMD CHECK LSN......

BACKUP DATABASE [DAMENG],collect dbf......

CMD CHECK ......

DBF BACKUP SUBS......

total 1 packages processed...

total 2 packages processed...

total 3 packages processed...

total 4 packages processed...

total 5 packages processed...

DBF BACKUP MAIN......

BACKUPSET [/dm8/data/BACKUP_FILE_01] END, CODE [0]......

META GENERATING......

total 6 packages processed...

total 6 packages processed...

total 6 packages processed!

CMD END.CODE:[0]

backup successfully!

time used: 00:00:01.311

2）删除数据，和上面的联机备份操作一样此处省略；

3）还原数据库restore（和上面联机备份一样）

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dmrman CTLSTMT="RESTORE DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm8/data/BACKUP_FILE_01'"

dmrman V8

RESTORE DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm8/data/BACKUP_FILE_01'

file dm.key not found, use default license!

RESTORE DATABASE CHECK......

RESTORE DATABASE,data collect......

RESTORE DATABASE,database refresh ......

RESTORE BACKUPSET [/dm8/data/BACKUP_FILE_01] START......

total 5 packages processed...

total 6 packages processed...

RESTORE DATABASE,UPDATE ctl file......

RESTORE DATABASE,REBUILD key file......

RESTORE DATABASE,CHECK db info......

RESTORE DATABASE,UPDATE db info......

total 6 packages processed...

total 6 packages processed!

CMD END.CODE:[0]

restore successfully.

time used: 971.740(ms)

4）恢复数据库（recover）

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dmrman CTLSTMT="RECOVER DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm8/data/BACKUP_FILE_01'"

dmrman V8

RECOVER DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm8/data/BACKUP_FILE_01'

file dm.key not found, use default license!

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[46019]

RESTORE RLOG CHECK......

CMD END.CODE:[603],DESC:[no log generates while the backupset [/dm8/data/BACKUP_FILE_01] created]

no log generates while the backupset [/dm8/data/BACKUP_FILE_01] created

recover successfully!

time used: 250.328(ms)

5）更新数据库（UPDATE DB_MAGIC）

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dmrman CTLSTMT="RECOVER DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' UPDATE DB_MAGIC"

dmrman V8

RECOVER DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' UPDATE DB_MAGIC

file dm.key not found, use default license!

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[46019]

EP[0]'s apply_lsn[46019] >= end_lsn[46019]

recover successfully!

time used: 00:00:01.009