python class学习笔记

目录

1. 调用类方法的两种途径​​​​​​​

2. setters, getters

3.类属性

3. clean up hierarchy​​​​​​​

4. return a copy of the list

5. data hiding

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OOP:

1. to bundle together objects that share some common properties(common attributes, procedures that operate on those attributes)

2. abstraction : 不需要知道实现的细节

1. 调用类方法的两种途径​​​​​​​

class Coordinate(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
    def distance(self, other):
        x_diff_sq = (self.x-other.x)**2
        y_diff_sq = (self.y-other.y)**2
        return (x_diff_sq + y_diff_sq)**0.5

• 1）通过instance调用

        c = Coordinate(3, 4)

        origin = Coordinate(0, 0)

        print(c.distance(origin))

c -> object on which to call method

distance(origin) ->  method, parameters not including self, self is implied to be c

        2）直接通过类调用方法:

        c = Coordinate(3, 4)

        origin = Coordinate(0, 0)

        print(Coordinate,distance(c, origin))

Coordinate -> name of class

distance(c, origin) -> method,

parameters including an object on which to call the method, representing self

2. setters, getters

• do not directly manipulate the internal representation of an object
• to separate the use of the object from what's inside of it
• anytime to access something inside an object, use the method that gets that part of the object out

 3.类属性

class Animal:
    id = 1  # 类属性

    def __init__(self):
        self.id = Animal.id
        Animal.id += 1  

    def get_id(self):
        print(self.id)


animal1 = Animal()
animal2 = Animal()

animal1.get_id()
animal2.get_id()

print(animal1.id)
print(animal2.id)

3. clean up hierarchy

before cleanup:

after cleanup:

4. return a copy of the list

5. data hiding

isolate the internal representation from the user: