fragment(一)加载方式

                             

静态加载：

把fragment当成普通类来使用。

1.继承fragment类，重载fragment的onCreateView方法，此方法主要是创建fragment的布局。

2.在Activity的XMl文件中，通过fragment标签就可以使用我们自定义的fragment，这里通过指定fragment标签的name属性来确定使用哪一个Fragment。

例子：

 

ContentFragment的布局：

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/sport_items_bg"
tools:context="com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment.ContentFragment">

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/content"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:layout_gravity="center"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:textSize="20dp"
    android:text="@string/hello_blank_fragment"/>

</FrameLayout>

ContentFragment的代码：

package com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.R;


public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {


    private TextView title;

    public static ContentFragment newInstance(String param1, String param2) {
        ContentFragment fragment = new ContentFragment();

        return fragment;
    }

    public ContentFragment() {

    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_content, container, false);

        title = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.content);

        title.setText("我是内容");

        return view ;

    }



}

 

TitleFragment的布局文件：

 

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="50dp"
    android:background="@color/entertainment_items_bg"
    tools:context="com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment.TitleFragment">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/title"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
       android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:text="@string/hello_blank_fragment"
        android:textSize="25dp" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/share_bt"
        android:layout_width="60dp"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:text="分享"
        android:onClick="share"
        />
</RelativeLayout>

 

 

TitleFragment的代码：

package com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.R;


public class TitleFragment extends Fragment {


    private TextView title;

    public static TitleFragment newInstance(String param1, String param2) {
        TitleFragment fragment = new TitleFragment();
        return fragment;
    }

    public TitleFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }


    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_title, container, false);

        title = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.title);

        title.setText("我是标题");

        Button share = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.share_bt);
        share.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "分享这篇文章", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });

        return view ;
    }



}

 

StaticLoadActivity的布局文件

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.StaticLoadActivity">


    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/title_fragment"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:name="com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment.TitleFragment"/>

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/content_fragment"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent"
        android:layout_below="@+id/title_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment.ContentFragment"/>

</RelativeLayout>

 

StaticLoadActivity的代码:

 

package com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;


public class StaticLoadActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_static_load);
    }


}

效果

 

 

 

 

二，动态加载

在程序的运行过程中动态的添加，删除，替换Fragment

 

TopNewsFragment的布局文件

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/top_item_bg"
    tools:context="com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment.TopNewsFragment">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="20dp"
        android:text="头条新闻条目列表" />

</FrameLayout>

 

 

TopNewsFragment的代码：

package com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.R;


public class TopNewsFragment extends Fragment {

    public static TopNewsFragment newInstance(String param1, String param2) {
        TopNewsFragment fragment = new TopNewsFragment();
        return fragment;
    }

    public TopNewsFragment() {
    }



    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_top_news, container, false);
    }


}

HotNewsFragment的布局

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/hot_items_bg"
    tools:context="com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment.HotNewsFragment">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="20dp"
        android:text="热点新闻条目列表" />

</FrameLayout>

 

HotNewsFragment的代码

package com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.R;

public class HotNewsFragment extends Fragment {

    public static HotNewsFragment newInstance(String param1, String param2) {
        HotNewsFragment fragment = new HotNewsFragment();
        return fragment;
    }

    public HotNewsFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }


    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_hot_news, container, false);
    }



}

 

其他两个Fragment ：EntertainmentFragment 和SportsFragment的代码和布局与上面两个几乎差不多，再次不在多说

DynamicLoadActivity的布局：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.StaticLoadActivity">



    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/news_fragment"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        />


    <include layout="@layout/bottom_bar"
        />

</LinearLayout>

bottom_bar.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="@color/bottom_bar_bg"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:text="头条"
        android:onClick="tops"
        />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:onClick="hots"
        android:text="热点" />
    <Button
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:text="娱乐"
        android:onClick="entertainments"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:text="体育"
        android:onClick="sports"/>

</LinearLayout>

 

colors.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <color name="bottom_bar_bg">#ff224e</color>
    <color name="top_item_bg">#5477ff</color>
    <color name="hot_items_bg">#dc97ff</color>
    <color name="entertainment_items_bg">#ffd60d</color>
    <color name="sport_items_bg">#21ff74</color>
</resources>

 

DynamicLoadActivity的代码：

package com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo;

import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

import com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment.EntertainmentFragment;
import com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment.HotNewsFragment;
import com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment.SportsFragment;
import com.example.liaoli.fragmentdemo.fragment.TopNewsFragment;

public class DynamicLoadActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


    private TopNewsFragment topNewsFragment;
    private HotNewsFragment hotNewsFragment;
    private EntertainmentFragmententertainmentFragment;
    private SportsFragment sportsFragment;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_dynamic_load);

        initdata();
    }

    private void initdata() {
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();

        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();

        if (topNewsFragment == null) {
            topNewsFragment = new TopNewsFragment();
        }

        fragmentTransaction.add
                (R.id.news_fragment, topNewsFragment);

        fragmentTransaction.commit();
    }


    public void tops(View view) {

        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();

        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();

        if (topNewsFragment == null) {
            topNewsFragment = new TopNewsFragment();
        }

        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.news_fragment, topNewsFragment);
        fragmentTransaction.commit();
    }

    public void hots(View view) {
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();

        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();

        if (hotNewsFragment == null) {
            hotNewsFragment
                    = new HotNewsFragment();
        }

        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.news_fragment, hotNewsFragment);
        fragmentTransaction.commit();
    }

    public void entertainments(View view) {
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();

        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();


        if (entertainmentFragment == null) {
            entertainmentFragment
                    = new EntertainmentFragment();
        }

        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.news_fragment, entertainmentFragment);
        fragmentTransaction.commit();
    }

    public void sports(View view) {
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();

        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();

        if (sportsFragment == null) {
            sportsFragment
                    = new SportsFragment();
        }

        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.news_fragment, sportsFragment);
        fragmentTransaction.commit();
    }

}

效果：

点击头条按钮

点击热点按钮：

点击娱乐按钮：

点击体育按钮

 

fragment常用的三个类，

Fragment 封装了Fragment

FragmentManager 封装了Activity对Fragment的管理

FragmentTransaction 封装了对Fragment的事务处理流程

 

FragmentManager的获取方式

3.0以上getFragmentManager() 

v4中getSupportFragmentManager

FragmentTransaction 处理操作Fragment事物的方法如下

1.开启一个事务：

FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();

FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();//开启一个事务

 

2.向Activity中添加fragment

abstract FragmentTransaction	add(int containerViewId, Fragment fragment) Calls add(int, Fragment, String) with a null tag.
abstract FragmentTransaction	add(Fragment fragment, String tag) Calls add(int, Fragment, String) with a 0 containerViewId.

fragmentTransaction.add
        (R.id.news_fragment, topNewsFragment);

 

3.删除一个fragment，如果被移除的Fragment没有添加到回退栈中，这个Fragment实例将被销毁。

abstract FragmentTransaction

remove(Fragment fragment) Remove an existing fragment.

4.隐藏一个Fragment

 此时仅仅是不可见，而并没有被销毁

abstract FragmentTransaction

hide(Fragment fragment) Hides an existing fragment.

5.显示之前隐藏的Fragment

abstract FragmentTransaction

show(Fragment fragment) Shows a previously hidden fragment.

6.将view从UI中移除

此方法跟Remove不一样，此时Fragment还是有FragmentManager维护管理

abstract FragmentTransaction

detach(Fragment fragment) Detach the given fragment from the UI.

7.重建Fragment的View布局，并附添加到UI并显示出来

abstract FragmentTransaction

attach(Fragment fragment) Re-attach a fragment after it had previously been detached from the UI with detach(Fragment).

8.替换Fragment，通过源码我们会知道，其实就是先删除，在添加

abstract FragmentTransaction	replace(int containerViewId, Fragment fragment, String tag) Replace an existing fragment that was added to a container.
abstract FragmentTransaction	replace(int containerViewId, Fragment fragment) Calls replace(int, Fragment, String) with a null tag.

在一个事务的开启到提交的过程中可以多次添加、移除、替换等相关操作。

在我们使用Fragment的过程中一定要弄清楚事务处理的各个方法那些会销毁视图，那些会销毁Fragment实例。

常见错误：State loss这样的错误。主要是因为：commit方法一定要在Activity.onSaveInstance()之前调用。