这里是基础的语法知识,包括(hello world,数据类型,程序流程结构)
有些代码没有放进main函数里,大家记得放进去运行!
1.hello world的书写
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define day 7
const int b = 10;
int main()
{
int a = 10;
day = day+ 1;//错误
b = b + 1;//错误
cout << "hello world" << endl << a<< endl;
cout << "b=" << b << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
2.数据类型
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
/************************************整形***********************************************/
//int main()
//{
// //short num1 = 32767; //( - 32768 -- - 32767)
//
// //int num2 = 10;
//
// //long num3 = 10;
//
// //long long num4 = 10;
// //cout << "num1=" << num1 << endl;
// //cout << "num2=" << num2 << endl;
// //cout << "num3=" << num3 << endl;
// //cout << "num4=" << num4 << endl;
//
// sizeof
// //cout << "int的内存大小=" << sizeof(int) << endl;
//
// //cout << "long的内存大小=" << sizeof(long) << endl;
// //保留六位有效数字
// float f1 = 3.14f;//加了f表示单精度
// cout << "f1=" << f1 << endl;
// cout << "float的内存大小=" << sizeof(float) << endl;
// /*科学计数法*/
// float f2 = 3e2;
// cout << "f2=" << f2 << endl;
// /*char*/
// char ch = 'a';//单字符
// cout << "ch=" << ch << endl;
// cout << "char的内存大小=" << sizeof(char) << endl;
// cout << (int)ch << endl;
//
// system("pause");
// return 0;
//}
/***********************************************/
int main()
{
//int num2 = 10;
///*转义字符*/
//cout << "hello world\n";
//cout << "hello world" << endl;
//cout << "\\" << endl;
//cout << "\\\n";
///*字符串*/
//char str1[] = "hello world!!";
//cout << str1[0] << endl;
//cout << str1 << endl;
///*c++类型*/
//string str2 = "hello world!!";
//cout << str2<< endl;
///*bool类型*/
//bool flag = true;
//cout << flag << endl;
//flag = !flag;
//cout << flag << endl;
//cout <<"bool所占"<< sizeof(bool)<<endl;
///*数据输入*/
//int a = 0;
//cout << "请输入a的值" << endl;
//cin >> a;
//cout << "a=" << a << endl;
//int a = 10;
//int b = a++ * 10;
//cout << a << endl;
//cout << b<< endl;
//cout <<( a<b) << endl;
int a = 10;
cout << !a << endl;
cout << !!a << endl;
cout << !!!a << endl;
cout << !!!!a << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
3.程序流程结构
3.1 选择
int score;
cout << "please input score" << endl;
cin >> score;
if (score>=600)
{
cout << "一本" << endl;
if (score >= 700)
{
cout << "北大" << endl;
}
else if (score < 700 && score >= 650)
{
cout << "清华" << endl;
}
else cout << "人大" << endl;
}
else if(score< 600 && score>=500)
{
cout << "二本" << endl;
}
else if (score < 500 && score >= 400)
{
cout << "三本" << endl;
}
else if (score <=400)
{
cout << "专科" << endl;
}
3.2 三只小猪案例
int weight1;
int weight2;
int weight3;
int max;
cout << "please input weight of first pig" << endl;
cin >> weight1;
cout << "please input weight of second pig" << endl;
cin >> weight2;
cout << "please input weight of third pig" << endl;
cin >> weight3;
if (weight1 > weight2)
{
max = weight1;
}
else max = weight2;
if (max > weight3)
{
cout << "最重的小猪是" << max << endl;
}
else cout << "最重的小猪是" << weight3 << endl;
if (weight1 == weight2 == weight3)
{
cout << "三者一样重" << endl;
}
3.3 switch
int score = 0;
cout << "input score" << endl;
cin >> score;
switch (score)
{
case 10:cout << "10分好电影" << endl; break;
case 9:cout << "9分好电影" << endl; break;
default:cout << "一般" << endl; break;
}
3.4 while
int a = 0;
while (a<10)
{
cout << a << endl;
a++;
}
3.5 猜数字案例
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
int a = rand() % 100 + 1;
cout << a << endl;
int val = 0;
int b = 4;
cout << "您还有" << b << "次机会" << endl;
cin >> val;
while (1)
{
if (a > val)
{
cout << "你输小了" << endl;
cout << "还有" << b<<"次机会"<<endl;
cin >> val;
b--;
}
else if (a < val)
{
cout << "你输大了" << endl;
cout << "还有" << b -1 << "次机会" << endl;
cin >> val;
b--;
}
else if (a = val)
{
cout << "您输对了" << endl; break;
}
if (b ==0 && a!=val )
{
cout << "输错了,您没有次数了" << endl;
break;
}
}
3.6 do while
int a = 0;
do
{
cout << a << endl;
a++;
} while (a<10 );
3.7 水仙花案例
int a = 100;
while (a)
{
int a1 = a / 100;//百位
int a2 = a % 100 / 10;//十位
int a3 = a % 100 % 10;//个位
if ((a1*a1*a1 + a2*a2*a2 + a3 *a3*a3) == a)
{
cout << a << endl;
}
a++;
if (a >= 1000)
{
break;
}
}
do
{
int a1 = a / 100;//百位
int a2 = a % 100 / 10;//十位
int a3 = a % 100 % 10;//个位
if ((a1*a1*a1 + a2*a2*a2 + a3 *a3*a3) == a)
{
cout << a << endl;
}
a++;
} while (a <1000);
3.8 for循环
for (int i = 0;i<10; i++)
{
cout << i << endl;
}
3.9 敲桌子案例
int num = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <=100; i++)
{
if (i % 7 == 0 || i % 10 == 7 || i / 10 == 7)
{
cout << "敲桌子" << endl;
num++;
}
else cout << i << endl;
}
cout << "敲了"<<num<<"次"<<endl;
3.10 嵌套循环 打印*图
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
{
if (j < 9)
{
cout << "* ";
}
else
{
cout << "*" << endl;
}
}
}
3.11 九九乘法表
for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++)
{
cout << j << " * " << i << " = " << j*i <<" ";
}
cout << endl;
}