优先级 | 运算符 | 名称或含义 | 使用形式 | 结合方向 | 说明 |
1 | [] | 数组下标 | 数组名[常量表达式] | 左到右 | |
() | 圆括号 | (表达式)/函数名(形参表) | |||
. | 成员选择(对象) | 对象.成员名 | |||
-> | 成员选择(指针) | 对象指针->成员名 | |||
2 | - | 负号运算符 | -表达式 | 右到左 | 单目运算符 |
(类型) | 强制类型转换 | (数据类型)表达式 | |||
++ | 自增运算符 | ++变量名/变量名++ | 单目运算符 | ||
-- | 自减运算符 | --变量名/变量名-- | 单目运算符 | ||
* | 取值运算符 | *指针变量 | 单目运算符 | ||
& | 取地址运算符 | &变量名 | 单目运算符 | ||
! | 逻辑非运算符 | !表达式 | 单目运算符 | ||
~ | 按位取反运算符 | ~表达式 | 单目运算符 | ||
sizeof | 长度运算符 | sizeof(表达式) | |||
3 | / | 除 | 表达式/表达式 | 左到右 | 双目运算符 |
* | 乘 | 表达式*表达式 | 双目运算符 | ||
% | 余数(取模) | 整型表达式/整型表达式 | 双目运算符 | ||
4 | + | 加 | 表达式+表达式 | 左到右 | 双目运算符 |
- | 减 | 表达式-表达式 | 双目运算符 | ||
5 | << | 左移 | 变量<<表达式 | 左到右 | 双目运算符 |
>> | 右移 | 变量>>表达式 | 双目运算符 | ||
6 | > | 大于 | 表达式>表达式 | 左到右 | 双目运算符 |
>= | 大于等于 | 表达式>=表达式 | 双目运算符 | ||
< | 小于 | 表达式<表达式 | 双目运算符 | ||
<= | 小于等于 | 表达式<=表达式 | 双目运算符 | ||
7 | == | 等于 | 表达式==表达式 | 左到右 | 双目运算符 |
!= | 不等于 | 表达式!= 表达式 | 双目运算符 | ||
8 | & | 按位与 | 表达式&表达式 | 左到右 | 双目运算符 |
9 | ^ | 按位异或 | 表达式^表达式 | 左到右 | 双目运算符 |
10 | | | 按位或 | 表达式|表达式 | 左到右 | 双目运算符 |
11 | && | 逻辑与 | 表达式&&表达式 | 左到右 | 双目运算符 |
12 | || | 逻辑或 | 表达式||表达式 | 左到右 | 双目运算符 |
13 | ?: | 条件运算符 | 表达式1? 表达式2: 表达式3 | 右到左 | 三目运算符 |
14 | = | 赋值运算符 | 变量=表达式 | 右到左 | |
/= | 除后赋值 | 变量/=表达式 | |||
*= | 乘后赋值 | 变量*=表达式 | |||
%= | 取模后赋值 | 变量%=表达式 | |||
+= | 加后赋值 | 变量+=表达式 | |||
-= | 减后赋值 | 变量-=表达式 | |||
<<= | 左移后赋值 | 变量<<=表达式 | |||
>>= | 右移后赋值 | 变量>>=表达式 | |||
&= | 按位与后赋值 | 变量&=表达式 | |||
^= | 按位异或后赋值 | 变量^=表达式 | |||
|= | 按位或后赋值 | 变量|=表达式 | |||
15 | , | 逗号运算符 | 表达式,表达式,… | 左到右 | 从左向右顺序运算 |
Operator | Description | Example | Overloadable |
Group 1 (no associativity) | |||
:: | Scope resolution operator | Class::age = 2; | NO |
Group 2 | |||
() | Function call | isdigit('1') | YES |
() | Member initalization | c_tor(int x, int y) : _x(x), _y(y*10){}; | YES |
[] | Array access | array[4] = 2; | YES |
-> | Member access from a pointer | ptr->age = 34; | YES |
. | Member access from an object | obj.age = 34; | NO |
++ | Post-increment | for( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) cout << i; | YES |
-- | Post-decrement | for( int i = 10; i > 0; i-- ) cout << i; | YES |
const_cast | Special cast | const_cast<type_to>(type_from); | NO |
dynamic_cast | Special cast | dynamic_cast<type_to>(type_from); | NO |
static_cast | Special cast | static_cast<type_to>(type_from); | NO |
reinterpret_cast | Special cast | reinterpret_cast<type_to>(type_from); | NO |
typeid | Runtime type information | cout « typeid(var).name(); cout « typeid(type).name(); | NO |
Group 3 (right-to-left associativity) | |||
! | Logical negation | if( !done ) … | YES |
not | Alternate spelling for ! | ||
~ | Bitwise complement | flags = ~flags; | YES |
compl | Alternate spelling for ~ | ||
++ | Pre-increment | for( i = 0; i < 10; ++i ) cout << i; | YES |
-- | Pre-decrement | for( i = 10; i > 0; --i ) cout << i; | YES |
- | Unary minus | int i = -1; | YES |
+ | Unary plus | int i = +1; | YES |
* | Dereference | int data = *intPtr; | YES |
& | Address of | int *intPtr = &data; | YES |
new | Dynamic memory allocation | long *pVar = new long; MyClass *ptr = new MyClass(args); | YES |
new [] | Dynamic memory allocation of array | long *array = new long[n]; | YES |
delete | Deallocating the memory | delete pVar; | YES |
delete [] | Deallocating the memory of array | delete [] array; | YES |
(type) | Cast to a given type | int i = (int) floatNum; | YES |
sizeof | Return size of an object or type | int size = sizeof floatNum; int size = sizeof(float); | NO |
Group 4 | |||
->* | Member pointer selector | ptr->*var = 24; | YES |
.* | Member object selector | obj.*var = 24; | NO |
Group 5 | |||
* | Multiplication | int i = 2 * 4; | YES |
/ | Division | float f = 10.0 / 3.0; | YES |
% | Modulus | int rem = 4 % 3; | YES |
Group 6 | |||
+ | Addition | int i = 2 + 3; | YES |
- | Subtraction | int i = 5 - 1; | YES |
Group 7 | |||
<< | Bitwise shift left | int flags = 33 << 1; | YES |
>> | Bitwise shift right | int flags = 33 >> 1; | YES |
Group 8 | |||
< | Comparison less-than | if( i < 42 ) … | YES |
<= | Comparison less-than-or-equal-to | if( i <= 42 ) ... | YES |
> | Comparison greater-than | if( i > 42 ) … | YES |
>= | Comparison greater-than-or-equal-to | if( i >= 42 ) ... | YES |
Group 9 | |||
== | Comparison equal-to | if( i == 42 ) ... | YES |
eq | Alternate spelling for == | ||
!= | Comparison not-equal-to | if( i != 42 ) … | YES |
not_eq | Alternate spelling for != | ||
Group 10 | |||
& | Bitwise AND | flags = flags & 42; | YES |
bitand | Alternate spelling for & | ||
Group 11 | |||
^ | Bitwise exclusive OR (XOR) | flags = flags ^ 42; | YES |
xor | Alternate spelling for ^ | ||
Group 12 | |||
| | Bitwise inclusive (normal) OR | flags = flags | 42; | YES |
bitor | Alternate spelling for | | ||
Group 13 | |||
&& | Logical AND | if( conditionA && conditionB ) … | YES |
and | Alternate spelling for && | ||
Group 14 | |||
|| | Logical OR | if( conditionA || conditionB ) ... | YES |
or | Alternate spelling for || | ||
Group 15 (right-to-left associativity) | |||
? : | Ternary conditional (if-then-else) | int i = (a > b) ? a : b; | NO |
Group 16 (right-to-left associativity) | |||
= | Assignment operator | int a = b; | YES |
+= | Increment and assign | a += 3; | YES |
-= | Decrement and assign | b -= 4; | YES |
*= | Multiply and assign | a *= 5; | YES |
/= | Divide and assign | a /= 2; | YES |
%= | Modulo and assign | a %= 3; | YES |
&= | Bitwise AND and assign | flags &= new_flags; | YES |
and_eq | Alternate spelling for &= | ||
^= | Bitwise exclusive or (XOR) and assign | flags ^= new_flags; | YES |
xor_eq | Alternate spelling for ^= | ||
|= | Bitwise normal OR and assign | flags |= new_flags; | YES |
or_eq | Alternate spelling for |= | ||
<<= | Bitwise shift left and assign | flags <<= 2; | YES |
>>= | Bitwise shift right and assign | flags >>= 2; | YES |
Group 17 | |||
throw | throw exception | throw EClass(“Message”); | NO |
Group 18 | |||
, | Sequential evaluation operator | for( i = 0, j = 0; i < 10; i++, j++ ) … | YES |