实现Singleton 模式

单例模式分为懒汉式和饿汉式

public class Singleton {
    /**
     * 饿汉式,线程安全
     */
    private static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();
    private Singleton(){

    }
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        return singleton;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Singleton.getInstance() == Singleton.singleton);
    }
}

"D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\bin\java.exe" ...
true

懒汉式

public class Singleton {
    /**
     * 懒汉式,线程不安全
     */
    private static Singleton singleton = null;
    private Singleton(){

    }
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        if(singleton == null){
           singleton = new Singleton();
        }
        return singleton;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Singleton.getInstance() == Singleton.singleton);
    }
}

// 懒汉式对于高并发时，线程A线程B同时请求到if判断时候会创建出两个实例，就会导致单例失效

public class Singleton {
    /**
     * 懒汉式,线程不安全
     */
    private static Singleton singleton = null;
    private Singleton(){

    }
    // 给方法加锁可以解决并发带来问题
    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance(){
        if(singleton == null){
           singleton = new Singleton();
        }
        return singleton;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Singleton.getInstance() == Singleton.singleton);
    }
}

// 加载类时候提前初始化，这样可以避免线程不安全问题
public class Singleton {
    /**
     * 懒汉式,线程安全
     */
    private static Singleton singleton = null;

    // 提前初始化
    static {
        singleton = new Singleton();
    }

    private Singleton() {

    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return singleton;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Singleton.getInstance() == Singleton.singleton);
    }
}

public class Singleton {
    /**
     * 懒汉式,线程安全
     */
    private static Singleton singleton = null;

    private Singleton() {

    }

    // 给对象加锁，可以有效避免线程不安全
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        synchronized (Singleton.class) {
            if (singleton == null) {
                singleton = new Singleton();
            }
        }
        return singleton;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Singleton.getInstance() == Singleton.singleton);
    }
}

public class Singleton {
    private final static class InnerSingleton {
        private static final Singleton SINGLETON = new Singleton();
    }

    private Singleton() {

    }

    // 采用内部类可以有效避免线程不安全
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return InnerSingleton.SINGLETON;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Singleton.getInstance() == InnerSingleton.SINGLETON);
    }
}

// 使用双重重入锁解决单例模式线程不安全问题
public class Singleton {
    private volatile static Singleton singleton = null;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        synchronized (Singleton.class) {
            if (singleton == null) {
                singleton = new Singleton();
            }
        }
        return singleton;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Singleton.getInstance() == Singleton.singleton);
    }
}