PlatformIO如何编译Arduino程序（ESP8266）

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-17 02:11:43 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-17 02:11:43 发布

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文章标签： arduino visual studio code

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/liguichuan/article/details/122327444

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在前面的章节中，我们已经安装了虚拟机Oracle VM VirtualBox，并在虚拟机中安装了64位的Win10系统，而且在Win10系统中安装了VSCode，最后在VSCode中安装了PlatformIO开发环境。

PlatformIO开发环境可用来配合Arduino UNO、ESP8266、ESP32等类型的开发板进行开发。

刚好小编手头上就有一块ESP8266的开发板，是NodeMCU，板载4M即32Mbits的FLASH。

那么，如何在PlatformIO开发环境中使用这块NodeMCU呢。接下来我们来跟着操作步骤看看。

在这里，我们来用大多数人熟悉的Arduino环境来进行程序的编写。首先，我们来看Arduino环境支不支持我们的这块ESP8266开发板。查看方法可按下面截图的顺序进行操作。

既然，Arduino环境支持我们的这块ESP8266开发板，那么，我们就开始编写程序吧。

首先，按下面截图的顺序新建一个工程。

点击[Finish]按钮后，需要等待从网络下载相关部件，根据您的网络情况，可能需要一小段时间。下载安装部件的过程如下图所示：

安装好相关部件后，会弹出提示信任选项，直接点击信任即可。

需要说明的是，我们创建好的工程目录根据屏幕提示位于： C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\PlatformIO\Projects\ESP-12F_Arduino

另外，需要特别说明的是：如果有相关提示“是否要为 C++ 安装推荐的扩展?”的，请同意并执行安装步骤。

整个工程创建完成后，在PlatformIO左侧资源管理器中，找到：/src/main.cpp，双击即可打开该文件。

打开后的main.cpp内容如下所示：

#include <Arduino.h>

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}

可以看得，这就是我们熟悉的Arduino程序结构。引用头文件、一个voide setup()函数，一个 void loop()函数。只不过，在Arduino中，主程序是一个单文件，并且以.ino扩展名命名。而在这里，主程序位于src目录下面，并且是以.cpp扩展名命名。

那么我们来看看我们刚刚创建的这个工程是否可以正常编译：

首次编译的时间可能需要比较长，如果正常成功编译后，一般会出现如下的内容：

> Executing task: C:\Users\Administrator\.platformio\penv\Scripts\platformio.exe run <

Processing nodemcuv2 (platform: espressif8266; board: nodemcuv2; framework: arduino)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Verbose mode can be enabled via `-v, --verbose` option
CONFIGURATION: https://docs.platformio.org/page/boards/espressif8266/nodemcuv2.html
PLATFORM: Espressif 8266 (3.2.0) > NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP-12E Module)
HARDWARE: ESP8266 80MHz, 80KB RAM, 4MB Flash        
PACKAGES:
 - framework-arduinoespressif8266 3.30002.0 (3.0.2) 
 - tool-esptool 1.413.0 (4.13)
 - tool-esptoolpy 1.30000.201119 (3.0.0)
 - toolchain-xtensa 2.100300.210717 (10.3.0)
LDF: Library Dependency Finder -> https://bit.ly/configure-pio-ldf
LDF Modes: Finder ~ chain, Compatibility ~ soft
Found 35 compatible libraries
Scanning dependencies...
No dependencies
Building in release mode
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\src\main.cpp.o
Generating LD script .pio\build\nodemcuv2\ld\local.eagle.app.v6.common.ld
Archiving .pio\build\nodemcuv2\libFrameworkArduinoVariant.a
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\Crypto.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\Esp-frag.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\Esp-version.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\Esp.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\FS.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\FSnoop.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\FunctionalInterrupt.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\HardwareSerial.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\IPAddress.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\LwipDhcpServer-NonOS.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\LwipDhcpServer.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\LwipIntf.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\LwipIntfCB.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\MD5Builder.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\Print.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\Schedule.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\StackThunk.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\Stream.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\StreamSend.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\Tone.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\TypeConversion.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\Updater.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\WMath.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\WString.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\abi.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\aes_unwrap.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\base64.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\cbuf.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\cont.S.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\cont_util.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_app_entry_noextra4k.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_eboot_command.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_features.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_flash_quirks.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_flash_utils.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_i2s.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_main.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_non32xfer.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_noniso.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_phy.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_postmortem.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_si2c.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_sigma_delta.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_spi_utils.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_timer.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_vm.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_waveform_phase.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_waveform_pwm.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_wiring.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_wiring_analog.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_wiring_digital.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_wiring_pulse.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_wiring_pwm.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\core_esp8266_wiring_shift.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\crc32.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\debug.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\exc-c-wrapper-handler.S.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\exc-sethandler.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\flash_hal.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\gdb_hooks.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\heap.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\hwdt_app_entry.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\libb64\cdecode.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\libb64\cencode.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\libc_replacements.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\mmu_iram.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\reboot_uart_dwnld.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\spiffs\spiffs_cache.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\spiffs\spiffs_check.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\spiffs\spiffs_gc.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\spiffs\spiffs_hydrogen.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\spiffs\spiffs_nucleus.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\spiffs_api.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\sqrt32.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\stdlib_noniso.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\time.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\uart.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\umm_malloc\umm_info.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\umm_malloc\umm_integrity.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\umm_malloc\umm_local.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\umm_malloc\umm_malloc.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\nodemcuv2\FrameworkArduino\umm_malloc\umm_poison.c.o
Archiving .pio\build\nodemcuv2\libFrameworkArduino.a
Linking .pio\build\nodemcuv2\firmware.elf
Retrieving maximum program size .pio\build\nodemcuv2\firmware.elf
Checking size .pio\build\nodemcuv2\firmware.elf
Advanced Memory Usage is available via "PlatformIO Home > Project Inspect"
RAM:   [===       ]  34.0% (used 27892 bytes from 81920 bytes)
Flash: [==        ]  24.9% (used 260093 bytes from 1044464 bytes)
Building .pio\build\nodemcuv2\firmware.bin
Creating BIN file ".pio\build\nodemcuv2\firmware.bin" using "C:\Users\Administrator\.platformio\packages\framework-arduinoespressif8266\bootloaders\eboot\eboot.elf" and ".pio\build\nodemcuv2\firmware.elf"
==================================================== [SUCCESS] Took 983.81 seconds ====================================================

终端将被任务重用，按任意键关闭。

因为新创建的项目主程序里是没有任何功能动作的，因此，我们自己来写一下，类似每种程序入门的Hello Wold ！一样，这里，我们就来点个灯，让接在开发板上的一颗蓝色LED灯进行闪烁。这里需要说明的是，小编的板载LED灯是接在ESP8266芯片的GPIO 2引脚上的。所以，我们的/src/main.cpp程序应该修改为：

#include <Arduino.h>

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  pinMode(2,OUTPUT);//设置GPIO 2的模式为：输出模式
}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  digitalWrite(2,HIGH);//把GPIO 2设置为高电平，让灯熄灭。
  delay(200);//阻塞延时200MS
  digitalWrite(2,LOW);//把GPIO 2设置为高电平，让灯亮起。
  delay(200);//阻塞延时200MS
}

接下来，需要把我们的开发板用数据线接到电脑的USB口上，如果您是在物理机中直接开发的，且当前电脑只有一个串口的情况下，是无须进行任何设置的， PlatformIO会自动识别出串口。

但如果您是在虚似机环境中进行开发的，需要您在虚拟机界面把USB串口设备切换引入虚拟机中：