mongodb介绍与官网安装步骤

What is MongoDB

MongoDB is an open-source document database that provides highperformance, high availability, and automatic scaling.

Document Database

A record in MongoDB is a document, which is a data structure composedof field and value pairs. MongoDB documents are similar to JSONobjects. The values of fields may include other documents, arrays,and arrays of documents.

A MongoDB document.

The advantages of using documents are:

• Documents (i.e. objects) correspond to native data types inmany programming languages.
• Embedded documents and arrays reduce need for expensive joins.
• Dynamic schema supports fluent polymorphism.

Key Features

High Performance

MongoDB provides high performance data persistence. In particular,

• Support for embedded data models reduces I/O activity on databasesystem.
• Indexes support faster queries and can include keys from embeddeddocuments and arrays.

High Availability

To provide high availability, MongoDB’s replication facility, calledreplica sets, provide:

• automatic failover.
• data redundancy.

A replica set is a group ofMongoDB servers that maintain the same data set, providing redundancyand increasing data availability.

Automatic Scaling

MongoDB provides horizontal scalability as part of its corefunctionality.

• Automatic sharding distributesdata across a cluster of machines.
• Replica sets can provide eventually-consistent reads for low-latencyhigh throughput deployments.

Install MongoDB on Red Hat Enterprise, CentOS, Fedora, or Amazon Linux
Overview

Use this tutorial to install MongoDB on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS Linux, Fedora Linux, or a related system from .rpm packages. While some of these distributions include their own MongoDB packages, the official MongoDB packages are generally more up to date.
Packages

MongoDB provides packages of the officially supported MongoDB builds in its own repository. This repository provides the MongoDB distribution in the following packages:

    mongodb-org

    This package is a metapackage that will automatically install the four component packages listed below.

    mongodb-org-server

    This package contains the mongod daemon and associated configuration and init scripts.

    mongodb-org-mongos

    This package contains the mongos daemon.

    mongodb-org-shell

    This package contains the mongo shell.

    mongodb-org-tools

    This package contains the following MongoDB tools: mongoimport bsondump, mongodump, mongoexport, mongofiles, mongooplog, mongoperf, mongorestore, mongostat, and mongotop.

Control Scripts

The mongodb-org package includes various control scripts, including the init script /etc/rc.d/init.d/mongod. These scripts are used to stop, start, and restart daemon processes.

The package configures MongoDB using the /etc/mongod.conf file in conjunction with the control scripts. See the Configuration File reference for documentation of settings available in the configuration file.

As of version 2.6.4, there are no control scripts for mongos. The mongos process is used only in sharding. You can use the mongod init script to derive your own mongos control script for use in such environments. See the mongos reference for configuration details.

Warning

With the introduction of systemd in Fedora 15, the control scripts included in the packages available in the MongoDB downloads repository are not compatible with Fedora systems. A correction is forthcoming; see SERVER-7285 for more information. In the mean time use your own control scripts or install using the procedure outlined in Install MongoDB on Linux Systems.
Considerations

For production deployments, always run MongoDB on 64-bit systems.

The default /etc/mongodb.conf configuration file supplied by the 2.6 series packages has bind_ip` set to 127.0.0.1 by default. Modify this setting as needed for your environment before initializing a replica set.

Changed in version 2.6: The package structure and names have changed as of version 2.6. For instructions on installation of an older release, please refer to the documentation for the appropriate version.
Install MongoDB
1
Configure the package management system (YUM).

Create a /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb.repo file to hold the following configuration information for the MongoDB repository:

If you are running a 64-bit system, use the following configuration:

[mongodb]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

If you are running a 32-bit system, which is not recommended for production deployments, use the following configuration:

[mongodb]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/i686/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

2
Install the MongoDB packages and associated tools.

When you install the packages, you choose whether to install the current release or a previous one. This step provides the commands for both.

To install the latest stable version of MongoDB, issue the following command:

sudo yum install -y mongodb-org

To install a specific release of MongoDB, specify each component package individually and append the version number to the package name, as in the following example that installs the 2.6.1` release of MongoDB:

sudo yum install -y mongodb-org-2.6.1 mongodb-org-server-2.6.1 mongodb-org-shell-2.6.1 mongodb-org-mongos-2.6.1 mongodb-org-tools-2.6.1

You can specify any available version of MongoDB. However yum will upgrade the packages when a newer version becomes available. To prevent unintended upgrades, pin the package. To pin a package, add the following exclude directive to your /etc/yum.conf file:

exclude=mongodb-org,mongodb-org-server,mongodb-org-shell,mongodb-org-mongos,mongodb-org-tools

Previous versions of MongoDB packages use different naming conventions. See the 2.4 version of documentation for more information.
Run MongoDB

Important

You must configure SELinux to allow MongoDB to start on Red Hat Linux-based systems (Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, Fedora). Administrators have three options:

    enable access to the relevant ports (e.g. 27017) for SELinux. See Default MongoDB Port for more information on MongoDB’s default ports. For default settings, this can be accomplished by running

    semanage port -a -t mongodb_port_t -p tcp 27017

    set SELinux to permissive mode in /etc/selinux.conf. The line

    SELINUX=enforcing

    should be changed to

    SELINUX=permissive

    disable SELinux entirely; as above but set

    SELINUX=disabled

All three options require root privileges. The latter two options each requires a system reboot and may have larger implications for your deployment.

You may alternatively choose not to install the SELinux packages when you are installing your Linux operating system, or choose to remove the relevant packages. This option is the most invasive and is not recommended.

The MongoDB instance stores its data files in /var/lib/mongo and its log files in /var/log/mongodb by default, and runs using the mongod user account. You can specify alternate log and data file directories in /etc/mongodb.conf. See systemLog.path and storage.dbPath for additional information.

If you change the user that runs the MongoDB process, you must modify the access control rights to the /var/lib/mongo and /var/log/mongodb directories to give this users access to these directories.
1
Start MongoDB.

You can start the mongod process by issuing the following command:

sudo service mongod start

2
Verify that MongoDB has started successfully

You can verify that the mongod process has started successfully by checking the contents of the log file at /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log for a line reading

[initandlisten] waiting for connections on port <port>

where <port> is the port configured in /etc/mongod.conf, 27017 by default.

You can optionally ensure that MongoDB will start following a system reboot by issuing the following command:

sudo chkconfig mongod on

3
Stop MongoDB.

As needed, you can stop the mongod process by issuing the following command:

sudo service mongod stop

4
Restart MongoDB.

You can restart the mongod process by issuing the following command:

sudo service mongod restart

You can follow the state of the process for errors or important messages by watching the output in the /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log file.
5
Begin using MongoDB.

To begin using MongoDB, see Getting Started with MongoDB. Also consider the Production Notes document before deploying MongoDB in a production environment.

Later, to stop MongoDB, press Control+C in the terminal where the mongod instance is running.

总结：以上为官网的推荐方式

也可以直接到官网上下载最新的版本解压后直接运行也是可以运行的。

下载地址：http://www.mongodb.org/downloads  目前最新的版本为2.6.5

下载后，直接解压

然后直接运行   ：/u03/mongodb/bin/mongod --port 10000 --dbpath=/u04/mongodb/data --logpath=/u04/mongodb/log/tournode1.log --fork

简单的安装就此告一段落