在这篇文章中:
IntelliJ IDEA的Docker插件能帮助我们将当前工程制作成Docker镜像、运行在指定的远程机器上,是学习和开发阶段的好帮手,本文一起来实战此插件的基本用法;
全文概览
本文由以下几部分组成:
- 环境信息
- 介绍如何免费使用正版IntelliJ IDEA
- 介绍如何开启Docker的远程连接
- 安装Docker插件的步骤
- 连接远程Docker服务
- 创建springboot工程用于演示Docker插件
- 使用Docker插件将应用构建成镜像并在远程Docker上运行
环境信息
本次实战需要提前准备好以下内容:
- 开发环境操作系统:win10
- IntelliJ IDEA: 2018.2.4 (Ultimate Edition)
- JDK:1.8.0_181
- Maven:3.5.0
- Docker服务所在环境:CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810
- Docker:1.13.1, build b2f74b2/1.13.1
免费使用正版IntelliJ IDEA
IntelliJ IDEA (Ultimate Edition)是商业版本,目前其License费用为499美金一年,对于学习和非商业用途开发者来说,其实是有机会免费获取此License的,申请和使用的详情可参考《免费申请和使用IntelliJ IDEA商业版License指南》;
开启Docker的远程连接
本次实战中,IDEA作为开发电脑,要远程连接到另一台Linux电脑上部署的Docker服务,这就要求Docker服务开启了远程连接,开启方式请参考:《Docker远程连接设置》
准备工作完成了,开始实战吧。
安装Docker插件
- 在IDEA的开始页面,点击右下角的"Configure"菜单,再点击下图红框中的"Plugins"按钮,进入插件管理页面:
- 点击下图红框中的Browse repositories按钮:
- 如下图,红框1位置输入"Docker"之后就会搜到红框2中的Docker插件,再点击红框3中的"Install"按钮开始安装插件:
- 安装完成后,原先的"Install"按钮的文案变成了重启,点击该按钮重启IDEA,至此Docker插件安装完成;
连接远程Docker服务
- 在IDEA的开始页面,点击右下角的"Configure"菜单,再点击下图红框中的"Settings"按钮,进入设置页面:
- 在设置页面,按照下图的数字顺序创建一个Docker server并进行设置,其中"192.168.121.131"是Docker服务所在机器的IP地址,如果连接成功页面上会立即提示"Connection successful":
至此,Docker插件准备完毕,远程连接也已经OK,可以尝试使用该插件了。
创建一个springboot应用
为了验证Docker插件的功能,先开发一个简单的sringboot应用:
- 在IEDA上创建一个名为dockerplugindemo的springboot工程,其pom.xml是默认内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId> <artifactId>dockerplugindemo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>dockerplugindemo</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<span class="token operator"><</span>properties<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>version<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token number">1.8</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>version<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>properties<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>dependencies<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>dependency<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>groupId<span class="token operator">></span>org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>springframework<span class="token punctuation">.</span>boot<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>groupId<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>artifactId<span class="token operator">></span>spring<span class="token operator">-</span>boot<span class="token operator">-</span>starter<span class="token operator">-</span>web<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>artifactId<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>dependency<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>dependency<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>groupId<span class="token operator">></span>org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>springframework<span class="token punctuation">.</span>boot<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>groupId<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>artifactId<span class="token operator">></span>spring<span class="token operator">-</span>boot<span class="token operator">-</span>starter<span class="token operator">-</span>test<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>artifactId<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>scope<span class="token operator">></span>test<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>scope<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>dependency<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>dependencies<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>build<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>plugins<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>plugin<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>groupId<span class="token operator">></span>org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>springframework<span class="token punctuation">.</span>boot<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>groupId<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>artifactId<span class="token operator">></span>spring<span class="token operator">-</span>boot<span class="token operator">-</span>maven<span class="token operator">-</span>plugin<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>artifactId<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>plugin<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>plugins<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>build<span class="token operator">></span>
</project>
- 应用启动类同时作为Controller,增加一个web响应接口:
package com.bolingcavalry.dockerplugindemo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class DockerplugindemoApplication {
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
SpringApplication<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>DockerplugindemoApplication<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
@<span class="token function">RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/test"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"1. Hello world ! "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SimpleDateFormat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">" [yyyy-mm-dd HH:mm:ss]"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
可见这是个最普通的springboot应用,对外提供一个http接口,接下来用Docker插件将此应用构建成镜像并在远程Docker上运行;
用Docker插件将应用构建成镜像并在远程Docker上运行
- 在工程dockerplugindemo的pom.xml文件所在目录下,创建名为Dockerfile的文件,内容如下:
# Docker image for springboot application
VERSION 0.0.1
Author: bolingcavalry
基础镜像,使用alpine操作系统,openjkd使用8u201
FROM openjdk:8u201-jdk-alpine3.9
#作者
MAINTAINER BolingCavalry <zq2599@gmail.com>
#系统编码
ENV LANG=C.UTF-8 LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
#声明一个挂载点,容器内此路径会对应宿主机的某个文件夹
VOLUME /tmp
#应用构建成功后的jar文件被复制到镜像内,名字也改成了app.jar
ADD target/dockerplugindemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
#启动容器时的进程
ENTRYPOINT [“java”,"-jar","/app.jar"]
#暴露8080端口
EXPOSE 8080
- 如下图红框所示,创建一个配置:
- 创建一个Dockerfile配置,如下所示:
- Dockerfile配置详情如下图所示,请按照图中的说明进行设置,确保每个红框中都会执行到:
- 上图中最下面的那个"Run Maven Goal"点击后,会弹出一个小窗口 ,用来输入要执行的maven命令,这里输入clean package -U -DskipTests,表示每次在构建镜像之前,都会将当前工程清理掉并且重新编译构建:
- 设置完成后,点击下图红框中的绿色三角按钮,执行此配置:
- 运行结果如下所示,项目构建成功后,在Docker上部署镜像成功,然后运行容器成功:
- 登录远程Docker,先后执行docker image和docker ps命令查看镜像和容器情况如下,可见一切正常:
[root@maven ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
dockerplugindemo latest 0144ba203220 8 minutes ago 122 MB
docker.io/tomcat latest 96c4e536d0eb 2 days ago 506 MB
bolingcavalry/nacosconfigdemo 1.0-SNAPSHOT ed524b78f80b 6 days ago 125 MB
bolingcavalry/nacosserver 0.0.1 9ab34ff860d8 3 weeks ago 156 MB
docker.io/openjdk 8u212-jdk-stretch 03b20c1fa768 6 weeks ago 488 MB
docker.io/openjdk 8u201-jdk-alpine3.9 3675b9f543c5 4 months ago 105 MB
docker.io/fabric8/java-jboss-openjdk8-jdk 1.3 c9d7e2e7b917 20 months ago 436 MB
[root@maven ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b54144064138 0144ba203220 "java -jar /app.jar" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 0.0.0.0:18080->8080/tcp dockerplugindemo
- 远程Docker所在服务器IP地址是192.168.121.131,因此在浏览器上访问地址:http://192.168.121.131:18080/test ,得到响应如下图所示,可见应用在容器中正常运行:
- 修改工程中的DockerplugindemoApplication.java的源码,test方法的返回值原本是"Hello world ! ",改成"123456 Hello world ! ",然后再次点击绿色三角按钮,运行"dockerfile"配置,看看这个改动能不能立即生效,等待构建、部署、运行都完成后,再次用浏览器访问地址:http://192.168.121.131:18080/test ,得到响应如下图所示,可见刚才的改动可以立即生效:
至此,IEDA下的Docker插件配置和使用实战就完成了,希望您在选用该插件时,本文能给您提供一些参考。