shmget创建共享内存
int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg);
brief:创建或打开共享内存,让Linux内核分配一段内存,我a进程通过shmat映射共享内存,往里面写内容(读内容),shmdt断开映射,只要不删除shmid,内容将会一直存在(除非系统掉电)
param:key,一个健值,如果另一个进程想访问这个共享内存,就必须通过这个key来访问,size,共享内存字节数,shmflg,创建共享内存,读写权限
return:创建成功返回共享内存id,失败返回-1
shmat/shmdt映射断开共享内存
void *shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg);
brief:用于映射共享内存
param:shmid,即shmid返回的id,shmaddr,如果是NULL,直接指定为NULL让内核自己决定一个合适的地址位置,指定共享内存出现在进程内存地址的什么位置,shmflg,读写0,只读SHM_RDONLY
return:返回一个无类型地址,也就是,你可以往共享内存写字符,数字等内容
int shmdt(const void *shmaddr);
brief:用于断开映射共享内存
param:shmaddr,断开映射的地址
return:返回0表示断开成功,-1则失败
shmctl删除共享内存
int shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);
brief:用于删除共享内存标识符
param:shmid,即共享内存标识符,cmd,用IPC_RMID,删除共享内存,buf,写NULL
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
int shmid;
int key;
char * sendbuf=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*1024);
key = ftok(".",30);
shmid = shmget(key,1024,IPC_CREAT|0600);
if(shmid == -1)
{
printf("create lose!");
exit(-1);
}
sendbuf = (char *)shmat(shmid,NULL,0);
strcpy(sendbuf,"Li jian hua");
printf("write succeed!\n");
shmdt(sendbuf);
sleep(5);
shmctl(shmid,IPC_RMID,NULL);
}
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#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
int shmid;
int key;
char * readbuf;
key = ftok(".",30);
shmid = shmget(key,1024,SHM_RDONLY);
if(shmid == -1)
{
printf("create lose!");
exit(-1);
}
readbuf = (char *)shmat(shmid,NULL,SHM_RDONLY);
printf("readbuf: %s",readbuf);
printf("read succeed!\n");
shmdt(readbuf);
shmctl(shmid,IPC_RMID,NULL);
}