Python语句与表达式

Python语句与表达式

python的值类型：int，str，tuple — 元素不可变的，要改变只能重新声明或者覆盖

python的引用类型：set，list，dict — 元素的值时可变的

值类型不可变
>>> a = 1
>>> b = a
>>> print(a)
1
>>> print(b)
1
>>> a = 3
>>> print(a)
3
>>> print(b)
1

引用类型可以变

>>> a = [1,2,3]
>>> b = a
>>> print(a)
[1, 2, 3]
>>> print(b)
[1, 2, 3]
>>> print(a[0])
1
>>> a[0] = "1"
>>> print(a)
['1', 2, 3]
>>> print(b)
['1', 2, 3]

 

>>> a = "hello"
>>> id(a)
2552494650512
>>> a = a + "python"
>>> print(a)
hellopython
>>> id(a)
2552494593072

str确实时不可改变的，但是这里a+"pytho"得到的是一个新的字符串，因为a的地址改变了，所有并没有违背str的值的不可改变的性质

>>> "python"[0]
'p'
>>> "python"[0] = "a"
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#8>", line 1, in <module>
"python"[0] = "a"
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

把python的第一个字母改为a的时候会报错，因为str不可改变。

扩展序列赋值

L = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a, *b, c = L
print(a, b, c)

流程控制

课外知识：通过字典来调用函数

>>>def add(x):
	print(x+10)

>>>operation = {
	'add' : add,
	'update' : lambda: x: print(x*2),
	'delete' : lambda x: print(x*3)
	}

>>>operation.get('delete')(10)
30

enumerate()函数用法：

>>>s = 'hello world'
>>>for i,j in enumerate(s):
>>>	print('({}) {}'.format(i, j))
(0) h
(1) e
(2) l
(3) l
(4) o
(5)  
(6) w
(7) o
(8) r
(9) l
(10) d