一:关系表
1、“一对多”关系表设计
在‘多’方设置外键(foreign key),关联父表(主表)的主键。
添加学校记录
#实例化对象
school1 = school(school_name='清华大学',school_address='北京')
school1.save()
#对象管理器
school.objects.create(school_name='南开大学',school_address='天津')
添加学生记录(要进行关联学校记录)
#通过学校的实例化对象关联
stu1 = student(name='张鑫',sex='女',score=100,school=school1)
stu1.save()
#通过学生的外键名id关联
student.objects.create(name='张鑫鑫鑫鑫',sex='女',score=99.999,school_id=5)
查询学校编号为4或者6的学生记录
student.objects.filter(school_id__in = (4,6))
查询学生学号大于5的记录
result = student.objets.filter(id__gt =9) #查询得到的是queryset对象。可以遍历
2、“多对多”关系表设计、
通过设置“中间表”来关联两个“多”表 。中间表至少有两个外键字段。分别关联于两个“多”表的主键
在Django的模型类中需要完成三个模型
#第一个多表
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
home = models.CharField(max_length=20)
#第二个多表
class Book(models.Model):
bookname = models.CharField(max_length=20)
bookprice = models.FloatField()
author = models.ManyToManyField(Author,through="Author_Book")
#中间关系模型
class Author_Book(models.Model):
author = models.ForeignKey(Author,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
book = models.ForeignKey(Book,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
插入多方表数据
>>> author1 = Author(name='太宰治',home='大阪')
>>> author1.save()
>>> author2 = Author(name='东野圭吾',home='东京')
>>> author2.save()
>>> book1 = Book(bookname='女生徒',bookprice=28)
>>> book1.save()
>>> book2 = Book(bookname='人间失格',bookprice=38)
>>> book2.save()
>>> book3 = Book(bookname='幻夜失格',bookprice=38)
>>> book3.save()
通过中间模型对象插入中间表数据
>>> ab1 = Author_Book(author=author1,book=book1)
>>> ab1.save()
>>> ab2 = Author_Book(author=author1,book=book2)
>>> ab2.save()
>>> ab3 = Author_Book(author=author1,book=book3)
>>> ab3.save()
>>> ab4 = Author_Book(author=author2,book=book3)
>>> ab4.save()
从多方查询另一方数据
#从主动多方(调用了ManyToManyField)查询另一多方
>>> book3.author.all()
<QuerySet [<Author: Author object (1)>, <Author: Author object (2)>]>
#从被动多方查询另一个多方
>>> author1.book_set.all()
<QuerySet [<Book: Book object (1)>, <Book: Book object (2)>, <Book: Book object (3)>]>