Java IO流之OutputStreamWriter和InputStreamReader分析

简介

OutputStreamWriter和InputStreamReader是字节流和字符流转化之间桥梁,OutputStreamWriter继承自Writer接口,而InputStreamReader继承自接口Reader.需要了解的一点是字符流的写入和读取的方式.

• 字符输出流:将字符通过指定编码方式转化成字节数据,然后存储到文件中.
• 字符输入流:读取文件的字节数据通过相同的编码方式转化成字符.不同的编码方式会造成乱码.

1.InputStreamReader是字节流转化成字符流的桥梁.通过给定字符编码方式或者传入指定编码方式,平台默认编码方式等将字节转化成字符读取到流中.子类有FileReader.

2.OutputStreamWriter是字符流转化成字节流的桥梁,通过给定字符编码方式或者传入指定编码方式,平台默认编码方式等将字符转化成字节写到流中.子类有FileWriter.

OutputStreamWriter介绍

1.构造方法.

public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, String charsetName){}
public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out) {}
public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, Charset cs) {}
public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, CharsetEncoder enc) {}

四个有参构造方法,区别是编码传入方式.分别是:

• 创建一个指定了底层字节输出流和"指定"字符编码名称charsetName的OutputStreamWriter流.
• 创建一个指定了底层字节输出流和默认字符编码方式的OutputStreamWriter流.
• 创建一个指定底层字节输出流和"给定"字符编码方式cs的OutputStreamWriter流.
• 创建一个 指定底层字节输出流和"给定"字符编码器enc的OutputStreamWriter流.

2.内部变量

private final StreamEncoder se;

• 负责字符编码的类StreamEncoder.

3.内部方法

public String getEncoding() 
public void write(int c){}
public void write(char cbuf[], int off, int len){}
public void write(String str, int off, int len){}
public void flush() {}
public void close() {}

• getEncoding()----获取字符编码方式.
• write(int c)---将单个字符写到流中.
• write(char cbuf[],int off,int len)--将字符数组cbuf中,off位置开始,len个字符写到流中.
• write(String str,int off,int len)---将字符串str中,off位置开始,len个字符写到流中.
• flush()---刷新流.
• close()---关闭流,释放相关资源.

InputStreamReader介绍

1.构造方法.

public InputStreamReader(InputStream in) {}
public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, String charsetName){}
public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, Charset cs) {}
public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, CharsetDecoder dec) {}

与OutputStreamWriter流相对应的四种有参构造方法,根据对应的字符编码方式将数据解码读取.

• 创建一个指定了底层字节输出流和默认字符编码方式的InputStreamReader流.
• 创建一个指定了底层字节输出流和"指定"字符编码名称charsetName的InputStreamReader流.
• 创建一个指定底层字节输出流和"给定"字符编码方式cs的InputStreamReader流.
• 创建一个 指定底层字节输出流和"给定"字符编码器dec的InputStreamReader流.

2.内部变量

private final StreamDecoder sd;

• 负责字符解码的类StreamDecoder.

3.内部方法

public String getEncoding() {}
public int read(){}
public int read(char cbuf[], int offset, int length){}
public boolean ready(){}
public void close(){}

• getEncoding()---获取字符编码方式
• read()---从流中读取单个字符.
• read(char cbuf[],int offset,int length)---将流中length个字符读取到字符数组cbuf中,cbuf中从offset位置开始
• ready()---流是否准备读取,读取缓冲区不为空或者底层输入流中可读取数据时返回true.
• close()---关闭流,释放相关资源.

案例

public class InputStreamDemo {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    String charsetName="UTF-8";
    testOutputStreamWriter(charsetName);
    testInputStreamReader(charsetName);
  }
  
  private static void testOutputStreamWriter(String charsetName) throws IOException {
    char[] cbuf = new char[] {'h','e','l','l','o','w','o','r','l','d'};
    OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("D:\\java.txt"),charsetName);
    osw.write("0123456789", 0, 8);
    osw.write(cbuf, 1, 6);
    osw.write('h');
    osw.close();
  }
  
  private static void testInputStreamReader(String charsetName) throws IOException {
    InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("D:\\java.txt"),charsetName);
    int read = isr.read();
    System.out.println("单个字符--------"+(char)read);
    char[] cbuf = new char[1024];
    isr.read(cbuf, 0, 10);
    System.out.println(new String(cbuf));
    String encoding = isr.getEncoding();
    System.out.println("解码方式--------"+encoding);
    isr.close();
  }
}

运行结果:

单个字符--------0
1234567ell
解码方式--------UTF8

源码分析

1.InputStreamWriter源码分析

public class OutputStreamWriter extends Writer {
    //负责编码的类StreamEncoder
    private final StreamEncoder se;

    //创建一个指定字节输出流和"指定"的字符编码名称的OutputStreamWriter流.
    public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, String charsetName)
        throws UnsupportedEncodingException
    {
        super(out);
        if (charsetName == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");
        se = StreamEncoder.forOutputStreamWriter(out, this, charsetName);
    }

    //创建一个指定字节输出流和默认编码方式的OutputStreamWriter流.
    public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out) {
        super(out);
        try {
            se = StreamEncoder.forOutputStreamWriter(out, this, (String)null);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }

    //创建一个指定字节输出流和"给定"字符编码方式的OutputStreamWriter流.
    public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, Charset cs) {
        super(out);
        if (cs == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("charset");
        se = StreamEncoder.forOutputStreamWriter(out, this, cs);
    }


    //创建一个指定字节输出流和"给定"编码器的OutputStreamWriter流.
    public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, CharsetEncoder enc) {
        super(out);
        if (enc == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("charset encoder");
        se = StreamEncoder.forOutputStreamWriter(out, this, enc);
    }

    //获取编码方式.
    public String getEncoding() {
        return se.getEncoding();
    }

    //刷新输出缓冲数据到底层字节流中
    void flushBuffer() throws IOException {
        se.flushBuffer();
    }

    //将单个字符写到流中
    public void write(int c) throws IOException {
        se.write(c);
    }

    //将字符数组cbuf中,off位置开始,len个字符写到流中
    public void write(char cbuf[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
        se.write(cbuf, off, len);
    }

    //将字符串中off位置开始,len个字符写到流中
    public void write(String str, int off, int len) throws IOException {
        se.write(str, off, len);
    }

    //刷新流
    public void flush() throws IOException {
        se.flush();
    }
    
    //关闭流,释放相关资源
    public void close() throws IOException {
        se.close();
    }
}

2.InputStreamReader源码分析

public class InputStreamReader extends Reader {
    //负责解码的类StreamDecoder
    private final StreamDecoder sd;

    //创建一个指定了底层字节输入流和默认字符编码方式的InputStreamReader流
    public InputStreamReader(InputStream in) {
        super(in);
        try {
            sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, (String)null); // ## check lock object
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            // The default encoding should always be available
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }

    //创建一个指定了底层字节输入流和"指定"字符集编码方式的InputStreamReader流
    public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, String charsetName)
        throws UnsupportedEncodingException
    {
        super(in);
        if (charsetName == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");
        sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, charsetName);
    }

    //创建一个指定了底层 字节输入流和"给定"字符编码方式的InputStreamReader流.
    public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, Charset cs) {
        super(in);
        if (cs == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("charset");
        sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, cs);
    }

    //创建一个指定了底层字节输入流和"给定"字符集编码器的InputStreamReader流.
    public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, CharsetDecoder dec) {
        super(in);
        if (dec == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("charset decoder");
        sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, dec);
    }

    //获取流使用的字符编码方式
    public String getEncoding() {
        return sd.getEncoding();
    }

    //从流中读取单个字符
    public int read() throws IOException {
        return sd.read();
    }

    //从InputStreamReader流中读取字符数据到字数数组cbuf中,cbuf中位置从offset开始,长度为length个字符
    public int read(char cbuf[], int offset, int length) throws IOException {
        return sd.read(cbuf, offset, length);
    }

    //流是否准备读取,读取缓冲区不为空或者底层输入流中可读取数据时返回true.
    public boolean ready() throws IOException {
        return sd.ready();
    }

    //关闭流,释放相关资源
    public void close() throws IOException {
        sd.close();
    }
}

总结

InputStreamReader流和OutputStreamWriter流作为字节和字符转换的桥梁,需要知道字符是以指定的编码方式存储到文件中,同理读取文件的时候,通过相同的编码方式进行解码成字符,读取到内存或者程序中.其中"指定的编码方式''在创建流的时候需要指定,否则是默认的编码方式(GBK).