HandlerThread简介
HandlerThread,顾名思义,是一个在其内部可以使用Handler的线程,其实本质是HandlerThread线程内部构造了一个Looper环境。源码如下:在其run方法中初始化了一个Looper的环境,创建了Looper对象并且开启了loop循环。
//HandlerThread run()方法
@Override
public void run() {
mTid = Process.myTid();
Looper.prepare();
synchronized (this) {
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
notifyAll();
}
Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
onLooperPrepared();
Looper.loop();
mTid = -1;
}
注意Looper对象的创建与Looper对象的获取使用了同步锁,以及线程的等待唤醒机制,如果HandlerThread线程Looper对象尚未初始化完毕,则外部获取Looper的线程将处于等待状态,直到Looper初始化完成,然后唤醒所有的等待线程,源码如下
//HandlerThread getLooper()方法
public Looper getLooper() {
if (!isAlive()) {
return null;
}
// If the thread has been started, wait until the looper has been created.
synchronized (this) {
while (isAlive() && mLooper == null) {
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
}
return mLooper;
}
因为HandlerThread内部开启了Looper loop方法进行了死循环,所以该线程会一直处于运行状态,不会销毁。所以该线程使用完毕之后我们应该主动调用quit()或者quitSafely()方法退出Looper循环,进而结束线程。
//HandlerThread quit()方法
public boolean quit() {
Looper looper = getLooper();
if (looper != null) {
looper.quit();
return true;
}
return false;
}
//HandlerThread quitSafely()方法
public boolean quitSafely() {
Looper looper = getLooper();
if (looper != null) {
looper.quitSafely();
return true;
}
return false;
}
Looper quit()和quitSafely()区别
- quit(),调用后直接终止Looper,不在处理任何Message,所有尝试把Message放进消息队列的操作都会失败,比如Handler.sendMessage()会返回false,但是存在不安全性,因为有可能有Message还在消息队列中没来的及处理就终止Looper了。
- quitSafely(),调用后会在所有消息都处理后再终止Looper,所有尝试把Message放进消息队列的操作也都会失败。
Looper退出的原理分析
如下源码所示,loop()里面有一个for循环,只有当MessageQueue的next()返回null的时候才会退出循环终止Handler机制。再看看MessageQueue的next()我们也看到一个for循环,如果有消息的话就把消息返回,没有消息且mQuitting=false的时候继续循环下去,只有当没有消息然后mQuitting=true的时候返回null。根据Looper代码所示Looper.quit()最终会调用MessageQueue.removeAllMessagesLocked()表示直接把消息队列里面的消息清空,而Looper.quitsafely()会调用MessageQueue.removeAllFutureMessagesLocked(),表示把所有延迟消息清除。
//Looper loop()方法
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
...
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
//当msg==null时,会退出loop循环
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
...
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
//MessageQueue next()方法
Message next() {
...
for (;;) {
...
synchronized (this) {
// Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found.
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
Message prevMsg = null;
Message msg = mMessages;
if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
// Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
do {
prevMsg = msg;
msg = msg.next;
} while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
}
//有消息
if (msg != null) {
if (now < msg.when) {
// Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} else {
// Got a message.
mBlocked = false;
if (prevMsg != null) {
prevMsg.next = msg.next;
} else {
mMessages = msg.next;
}
msg.next = null;
if (false) Log.v("MessageQueue", "Returning message: " + msg);
return msg;
}
} else {
// No more messages.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
}
//没有消息并且mQuitting==true,则return null
// Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
if (mQuitting) {
dispose();
return null;
}
...
}
}
}
//Looper quit()
public void quit() {
mQueue.quit(false);
}
//Looper quitSafely()
public void quitSafely() {
mQueue.quit(true);
}
//MqssageQueue quit(bool safe)方法
void quit(boolean safe) {
if (!mQuitAllowed) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Main thread not allowed to quit.");
}
synchronized (this) {
if (mQuitting) {
return;
}
mQuitting = true;
if (safe) {
//quit()
removeAllFutureMessagesLocked();
} else {
//quitSafely()
removeAllMessagesLocked();
}
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting was previously false.
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
可以总结到,quit()实际上是把消息队列全部清空,然后让MessageQueue.next()返回null,令Looper.loop()循环结束从而终止Handler机制,但是存在着不安全的地方是可能有些消息在消息队列没来得及处理。而quitsafely()做了优化,只清除消息队列中延迟信息,等待消息队列剩余信息处理完之后再终止Looper循环。