四大应用组件之BroadcastReceiver【Android】

一.理论概述

1. 广播事件处理属于系统级的事件处理(一般事件处理是属于View级的事件处理)
2. 一个应用可以在发生特定事件时发送Broadcast, 系统中任何应用只要注册了对应Receiver就会接收到此Broadcast
3. 一个应用如果对某个广播感兴趣, 就可以注册对应的Receiver来接收广播
4. 广播事件机制是应用程序(进程间)之间通信的一种手段

二.相关API

Context

sendBroadcast(Intent intent) : 发送一般广播

sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent) : 发送有序广播

registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter) : 注册广播接收器

unRegisterReceiver(receiver) : 解注册广播接收器

BroadcastReceiver

onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) : 接收到广播的回调

abortBroadcast() : 中断广播的继续传播

boolean isOrderedBroadcast() : 判断是否是有序广播

常见系统广播：

收到短信广播 : android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED

开机完成广播 : Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED

应用被卸载广播 : Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED

手机锁屏 : Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF

手机开屏 : Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON

三.代码实现：

1.编写广播接收器类 

package com.example.boardreceiver;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
/**
 * 静态注册的receiver
 * @author Xiaocici
 *
 */
public class MyReceiver1 extends BroadcastReceiver {
	
	public MyReceiver1() {
		Log.e("TAG", "MyReceiver1()");
	}
	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		String action = intent.getStringExtra("action");
		Log.e("TAG","MyReceiver1 onReceive()" + action);
	}

}

package com.example.boardreceiver;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
/**
 * 动态注册的receiver
 * @author Xiaocici
 *
 */
public class MyReceiver2 extends BroadcastReceiver {
	
	public MyReceiver2() {
		Log.e("TAG", "MyReceiver2()");
	}
	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		String action = intent.getStringExtra("action");
		Log.e("TAG","MyReceiver2 onReceive()" + action);
	}

}

2.注册广播接收器

方式一: 配置文件注册(静态注册)

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span><receiver android:name="com.atguigu.t6_br.MyBroadcastReceiver">
            <!--priority指定当前receiver的优先级, 值是0-1000, 越大越好  -->
            <intent-filter android:priority="500">
                <action android:name="com.atguigu.t6_br.mybroadcastreceiver"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

例：

        <receiver android:name="com.example.boardreceiver.MyReceiver1">
            <intent-filter >
                <action android:name="com.example.boardreceiver.MyReceiver1.action"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

方式二: 硬编码注册(动态注册)

MyBroadcastReceiver2 receiver2 = new MyBroadcastReceiver2();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(action);
registerReceiver(receiver2, filter);

例：

package com.example.boardreceiver;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
	}

	private MyReceiver2 receiver;

	/*
	 * 注册广播接收器
	 */
	public void registBR(View v) {
		if (receiver == null) {
			// 创建Receiver对象
			receiver = new MyReceiver2();
			// 创建过滤器对象
			IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(
					"com.example.boardreceiver.MyReceiver1.action");
			// 注册Receiver
			registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
			Toast.makeText(this, "注册广播接收器", 0).show();
		} else {
			Toast.makeText(this, "已经注册了广播接收器", 0).show();
		}
	}

	/*
	 * 解注册广播接收器
	 */
	public void unRegistBR(View v) {
		if (receiver != null) {
			unregisterReceiver(receiver);
			receiver = null;
			Toast.makeText(this, "解注册广播接收器", 0).show();
		} else {
			Toast.makeText(this, "还未注册广播接收器", 0).show();
		}
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onDestroy();
		if (receiver != null) {
			unregisterReceiver(receiver);
			receiver = null;
		}
	}
}

3.发送广播

一般广播：

//发送一般广播
	public void sendNormalBC(View v){
		Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.boardreceiver.MyReceiver1.action");
		intent.putExtra("action", "benben");
		sendBroadcast(intent );
		Toast.makeText(this, "发送一般广播", 0).show();
	}

有序广播：

	//发送有序广播
	public void sendOrderBC(View v){
		Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.boardreceiver.MyReceiver.action2");
		intent.putExtra("action", "chacha");
		sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
		Toast.makeText(this, "发送有序广播", 0).show();
	}

有序广播的注册：

        <receiver android:name="com.example.boardreceiver.MyReceiver3">
            <intent-filter android:priority="1000">
                <action android:name="com.example.boardreceiver.MyReceiver.action2"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        
        <receiver android:name="com.example.boardreceiver.MyReceiver4">
            <intent-filter android:priority="2147483647">//优先级
                <action android:name="com.example.boardreceiver.MyReceiver.action2"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

如果需中断广播：

package com.example.boardreceiver;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * 静态注册的receiver
 * 
 * @author Xiaocici
 *
 */
public class MyReceiver4 extends BroadcastReceiver {

	public MyReceiver4() {
		Log.e("TAG", "MyReceiver4()");
	}

	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		String action = intent.getStringExtra("action");
		Log.e("TAG", "MyReceiver4 onReceive()" + action);
		if (isOrderedBroadcast()) {
			 abortBroadcast();//中断广播
		}
	}

}