Python学习笔记

Python学习中…
《A byte of Python 3》学习摘要
Chapter 7 控制流
7.1 if语句

number = 20
guess = int(input('Enter an integer ='))
if guess == number:
    print('Congratulations!')
    print('(没钱)')
elif guess > number:
    print('It is higher')
else:
    print('It is lower')
print('Done')

输出

>>> 
Enter an integer =15
It is lower
Done
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
Enter an integer =80
It is higher
Done
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
Enter an integer =20
Congratulations!
(没钱)
Done

elif 从句，它事实上把两个相关联的if else-if else 语句合并为一个if-elif-else 语句。这使得程序更加简单，并且减少了所需的缩进数量。
注：if else elif 后面都要跟有冒号。

7.2 while语句

number = 32
running = True
while running:
    guess = int(input('Enter an integer ='))
    if guess == number:
        print('you win')
        running = False
    elif guess < number:
        print('lower')
    else:
        print('higher')
else:
    print('the loop is over')
print('Done') 

输出

Enter an integer =98
higher
Enter an integer =88
higher
Enter an integer =1
lower
Enter an integer =32
you win
the loop is over
Done

7.3 for循环

for i in range(1, 10):
    print(i)
else:
    print('OVER')

输出

>>> 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
OVER

range(1,5) 给出序列[1, 2, 3, 4]。默认地， range 的步长
为1。如果为range 提供第三个数，那么它将成为步长。

for i in range(1, 10, 3):
    print(i)
else:
    print('OVER')

输出

>>> 
1
4
7
OVER
>>> 

7.4 break语句

while True:
    s = input('Enter something:')
    if s == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print('The length is:',len(s))
print('Done')

输出

>>> 
Enter something:my name is anna
The length is: 15
Enter something:quit
Done

7.5 continue语句

while True:
    s = input("Enter something =")
    if s == 'quit':
        print('The loop is over')
        break
    if len(s) < 5:
        print('It is too short')
        continue
    print('It is enough')

输出

>>> 
Enter something =hello liner
It is enough
Enter something =as
It is too short
Enter something =quit
The loop is over
>>> 

continue 语句被用来告诉Python 跳过当前循环块中的剩余语句，然后继续进行下一轮循环。