千万级数据分区存储方案测试

场景

基于项目中的业务场景，对数据量大，对时间比较敏感(比如历史数据基本不用，热点数据集中在近期)的数据采用分区存储。 本次测试流程主要是创建测试表、插入千万条数据(本次两千万)，查看分区表执行情况。

创建表

CREATE TABLE test (
  	id BIGINT(20) auto_increment,
	area_id INT (8) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
	create_time datetime NOT NULL ,
	num INT (8) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
	PRIMARY KEY (id, area_id, create_time)
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8 PARTITION BY RANGE (TO_DAYS(create_time))(
	PARTITION p0
	VALUES
		LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2019-11-01')) ENGINE = INNODB,
		PARTITION p20191101
	VALUES
		LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2019-11-02')) ENGINE = INNODB,
		PARTITION p20191102
	VALUES
		LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2019-11-03')) ENGINE = INNODB,
		PARTITION p20191103
	VALUES
		LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2019-11-04')) ENGINE = INNODB,
		PARTITION p20191104
	VALUES
		LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2019-11-05')) ENGINE = INNODB,
		PARTITION p20191105
	VALUES
		LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2019-11-06')) ENGINE = INNODB,
		PARTITION p20191106
	VALUES
		LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2019-11-07')) ENGINE = INNODB,
		PARTITION p20191107
	VALUES
		LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2019-11-08')) ENGINE = INNODB,
		PARTITION p20191108
	VALUES
		LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2019-11-09')) ENGINE = INNODB,
		PARTITION p20191109
	VALUES
		LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2019-11-10')) ENGINE = INNODB
);

创建存储过程

DELIMITER //
    create PROCEDURE insert_test(in num INT, in time varchar(10))
    BEGIN
        DECLARE rowid INT DEFAULT 0;
        DECLARE create_time datetime;
				DECLARE area_id INT;
				SET @exedata = "";
        WHILE rowid < num DO
            SET create_time = (select str_to_date(CONCAT(time,' ',LPAD(FLOOR(0 + (RAND() * 23)),2,0),':',LPAD(FLOOR(0 + (RAND() * 59)),2,0),':',LPAD(FLOOR(0 + (RAND() * 59)),2,0)), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s") from dual);
						SET area_id = (select FLOOR(910000 + (RAND() * 9)));
						SET rowid = rowid + 1;
            IF length(@exedata)>0 THEN
            SET @exedata = CONCAT(@exedata,',');
            END IF;
            SET @exedata=concat(@exedata,"('",area_id,"','",create_time,"','",rowid,"')");
            IF rowid%5000=0
            THEN 
                SET @exesql =concat("insert into test(area_id,create_time,num) values ", @exedata);
                prepare stmt from @exesql;
                execute stmt;
                DEALLOCATE prepare stmt;
                SET @exedata = "";
            END IF;
        END WHILE;
        IF length(@exedata)>0 
        THEN
            SET @exesql =concat("insert into test(area_id,create_time,num) values ", @exedata);
            prepare stmt from @exesql;
            execute stmt;
            DEALLOCATE prepare stmt;
        END IF; 
    END //
DELIMITER ;

调用存储过程插入数据

CALL insert_test (1000000, '2019-10-31');

CALL insert_test (1000000, '2019-11-01');

CALL insert_test (1000000, '2019-11-02');

CALL insert_test (1000000, '2019-11-03');

CALL insert_test (1000000, '2019-11-04');

CALL insert_test (1000000, '2019-11-05');

CALL insert_test (1000000, '2019-11-06');

CALL insert_test (1000000, '2019-11-07');

CALL insert_test (1000000, '2019-11-08');

CALL insert_test (1000000, '2019-11-09');

分析

1. 两千万数据下，根据日期按小时平均在1s左右；保持单分区数据不变情况下，后期sql性能影响基本不会太大。
2. 此执行计划为全表扫描，经测试后发现分区后where已经问题不大，后期可尝试将主键优化(去掉ID)后，执行计划将来到range级别；
3. 未分区表，同样数据走索引情况下，多次执行平均在2.5s左右。

select PARTITION_NAME as "分区",TABLE_ROWS as "行数" from information_schema.partitions where table_schema="test" and table_name="test";
explain partitions  select  *  from  test  where  area_id = 910005 and  create_time > '2019-11-02 00:00:00' and create_time < '2019-11-02 23:59:59';
explain 
select avg(num) , DATE_FORMAT(create_time,'%Y%m%d%H') time   from  test  
where  area_id = 910005 and  create_time > '2019-11-06 00:00:00' and create_time < '2019-11-06 23:59:59'
group by time