如何开发一个windows service

Windows service 其实就是一个win32应用程序，特殊的地方就是服务会被 SC manager去统一管理，并且工作在 session 0，system 权限之下。

下面是开发一个windows service 的基本流程

下面我们就实现这样一个service， 可选接口是方便程序使用提供的一些接口

本文我们就实现 service的安装、卸载的功能。

首先我们创建一个win32的命令行程序

添加如下代码：

// WinService.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "advapi32.lib")

#define SVCNAME _T("LeenSvcName")
const DWORD SVC_ERROR = 10086;

SERVICE_STATUS          gSvcStatus;
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE   gSvcStatusHandle;
HANDLE                  ghSvcStopEvent = NULL;

VOID SvcInstall(void);
VOID SvcUnInstall(void);
VOID WINAPI SvcCtrlHandler(DWORD);
VOID WINAPI SvcMain(DWORD, LPTSTR *);

VOID ReportSvcStatus(DWORD, DWORD, DWORD);
VOID SvcInit(DWORD, LPTSTR *);
VOID SvcReportEvent(LPTSTR);


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	if (lstrcmpi(argv[1], TEXT("install")) == 0)
	{
		SvcInstall();
		return 0;
	} else if (lstrcmpi(argv[1], TEXT("uninstall")) == 0)
	{
		SvcUnInstall();
		return 0;
	}

	// TO_DO: Add any additional services for the process to this table.
	SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY DispatchTable[] =
	{
		{ SVCNAME, (LPSERVICE_MAIN_FUNCTION)SvcMain },
		{ NULL, NULL }
	};

	// This call returns when the service has stopped. 
	// The process should simply terminate when the call returns.

	if (!StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(DispatchTable))
	{
		SvcReportEvent(TEXT("StartServiceCtrlDispatcher"));
	}
	return 0;
}


VOID  SvcUnInstall()
{
	SC_HANDLE schSCManager;
	SC_HANDLE schService;

	// Get a handle to the SCM database. 

	schSCManager = OpenSCManager(
		NULL,                    // local computer
		NULL,                    // ServicesActive database 
		SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);  // full access rights 

	if (NULL == schSCManager)
	{
		printf("OpenSCManager failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
		return;
	}

	// Get a handle to the service.

	schService = OpenService(
		schSCManager,       // SCM database 
		SVCNAME,          // name of service 
		DELETE);            // need delete access 

	if (schService == NULL)
	{
		printf("OpenService failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
		CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
		return;
	}

	// Delete the service.

	if (!DeleteService(schService))
	{
		printf("DeleteService failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
	}
	else printf("Service deleted successfully\n");

	CloseServiceHandle(schService);
	CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
}


VOID SvcInstall()
{
	SC_HANDLE schSCManager;
	SC_HANDLE schService;
	TCHAR szUnquotedPath[MAX_PATH];

	if (!GetModuleFileName(NULL, szUnquotedPath, MAX_PATH))
	{
		printf("Cannot install service (%d)\n", GetLastError());
		return;
	}

	// In case the path contains a space, it must be quoted so that
	// it is correctly interpreted. For example,
	// "d:\my share\myservice.exe" should be specified as
	// ""d:\my share\myservice.exe"".
	TCHAR szPath[MAX_PATH];
	StringCbPrintf(szPath, MAX_PATH, TEXT("\"%s\""), szUnquotedPath);

	// Get a handle to the SCM database. 

	schSCManager = OpenSCManager(
		NULL,                    // local computer
		NULL,                    // ServicesActive database 
		SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);  // full access rights 

	if (NULL == schSCManager)
	{
		printf("OpenSCManager failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
		return;
	}

	// Create the service

	schService = CreateService(
		schSCManager,              // SCM database 
		SVCNAME,                   // name of service 
		SVCNAME,                   // service name to display 
		SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS,        // desired access 
		SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, // service type 
		SERVICE_DEMAND_START,      // start type 
		SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL,      // error control type 
		szPath,                    // path to service's binary 
		NULL,                      // no load ordering group 
		NULL,                      // no tag identifier 
		NULL,                      // no dependencies 
		NULL,                      // LocalSystem account 
		NULL);                     // no password 

	if (schService == NULL)
	{
		printf("CreateService failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
		CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
		return;
	}
	else printf("Service installed successfully\n");

	CloseServiceHandle(schService);
	CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
}

VOID WINAPI SvcMain(DWORD dwArgc, LPTSTR *lpszArgv)
{
	// Register the handler function for the service

	gSvcStatusHandle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler(
		SVCNAME,
		SvcCtrlHandler);

	if (!gSvcStatusHandle)
	{
		SvcReportEvent(TEXT("RegisterServiceCtrlHandler"));
		return;
	}

	// These SERVICE_STATUS members remain as set here

	gSvcStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS;
	gSvcStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;

	// Report initial status to the SCM

	ReportSvcStatus(SERVICE_START_PENDING, NO_ERROR, 3000);

	// Perform service-specific initialization and work.

	SvcInit(dwArgc, lpszArgv);
}

VOID SvcInit(DWORD dwArgc, LPTSTR *lpszArgv)
{
	// TO_DO: Declare and set any required variables.
	//   Be sure to periodically call ReportSvcStatus() with 
	//   SERVICE_START_PENDING. If initialization fails, call
	//   ReportSvcStatus with SERVICE_STOPPED.

	// Create an event. The control handler function, SvcCtrlHandler,
	// signals this event when it receives the stop control code.

	ghSvcStopEvent = CreateEvent(
		NULL,    // default security attributes
		TRUE,    // manual reset event
		FALSE,   // not signaled
		NULL);   // no name

	if (ghSvcStopEvent == NULL)
	{
		ReportSvcStatus(SERVICE_STOPPED, GetLastError(), 0);
		return;
	}

	// Report running status when initialization is complete.

	ReportSvcStatus(SERVICE_RUNNING, NO_ERROR, 0);

	// TO_DO: Perform work until service stops.

	while (1)
	{
		// Check whether to stop the service.

		WaitForSingleObject(ghSvcStopEvent, INFINITE);

		ReportSvcStatus(SERVICE_STOPPED, NO_ERROR, 0);
		return;
	}
}

VOID ReportSvcStatus(DWORD dwCurrentState,
	DWORD dwWin32ExitCode,
	DWORD dwWaitHint)
{
	static DWORD dwCheckPoint = 1;

	// Fill in the SERVICE_STATUS structure.

	gSvcStatus.dwCurrentState = dwCurrentState;
	gSvcStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = dwWin32ExitCode;
	gSvcStatus.dwWaitHint = dwWaitHint;

	if (dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START_PENDING)
		gSvcStatus.dwControlsAccepted = 0;
	else gSvcStatus.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;

	if ((dwCurrentState == SERVICE_RUNNING) ||
		(dwCurrentState == SERVICE_STOPPED))
		gSvcStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
	else gSvcStatus.dwCheckPoint = dwCheckPoint++;

	// Report the status of the service to the SCM.
	SetServiceStatus(gSvcStatusHandle, &gSvcStatus);
}

VOID WINAPI SvcCtrlHandler(DWORD dwCtrl)
{
	// Handle the requested control code. 

	switch (dwCtrl)
	{
	case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
		ReportSvcStatus(SERVICE_STOP_PENDING, NO_ERROR, 0);

		// Signal the service to stop.

		SetEvent(ghSvcStopEvent);
		ReportSvcStatus(gSvcStatus.dwCurrentState, NO_ERROR, 0);

		return;

	case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
		break;

	default:
		break;
	}

}

VOID SvcReportEvent(LPTSTR szFunction)
{
	HANDLE hEventSource;
	LPCTSTR lpszStrings[2];
	TCHAR Buffer[80];

	hEventSource = RegisterEventSource(NULL, SVCNAME);

	if (NULL != hEventSource)
	{
		StringCchPrintf(Buffer, 80, TEXT("%s failed with %d"), szFunction, GetLastError());

		lpszStrings[0] = SVCNAME;
		lpszStrings[1] = Buffer;

		ReportEvent(hEventSource,        // event log handle
			EVENTLOG_ERROR_TYPE, // event type
			0,                   // event category
			SVC_ERROR,           // event identifier
			NULL,                // no security identifier
			2,                   // size of lpszStrings array
			0,                   // no binary data
			lpszStrings,         // array of strings
			NULL);               // no binary data

		DeregisterEventSource(hEventSource);
	}
}

 安装、卸载方式：

 在任务管理器里确认下安装是否成功：

 

本代码主体参考了msdn代码示例：

链接

Thanks~