Spring MVC的异常处理

一.Spring MVC的异常处理
1.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
适用范围：当项目中多处可能出现某种异常，并且解决异常的方式是跳转到指定的View组件时。
SimpleMappingExceptionResolver是一个类，需要在Spring的配置文件中使用节点进行注册。

2.@ExceptionHandler
在Controller内部，自定义处理异常的方法，并使用@ExceptionHandler进行注解！该方法的编写与处理请求的方法类似，然后，在方法的参数中应该添加Exception。

3.两种方式对比
（1）使用SimpleMappingExceptionResolver的配置很简单，但是处理得会比较“粗糙”，
    很难提示精准的信息，除非异常本身出现的可能就很少！
（2）使用@ExceptionHandler比较自由，处理得可以更加“细致”，但是相对麻烦一些，毕竟每个处理异常的方法只能作用于它所在
    的Controller类，如果某种异常在多个Controller类中都可能出现，则需要处理多次！

二.实例

1.spring配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
	xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd">
        
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.tedu.spring"/>
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
	</bean>
        
	<!-- 仅当以下代码删除时，本例中的@ExceptionHandler的作法才会有效！ -->
	<!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
		<property name="exceptionMappings">
			<props>
				<prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">arithmeticException</prop>
				<prop key="java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException">arrayException</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean> -->
</beans>

2.web.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
  <display-name>DAY06-02-SpringMVC-Exception</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  
  <servlet>
 	<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
 	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 	<init-param>
 		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 		<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
 	</init-param>
 	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
 	<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
 	<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3.WEB-INF下的jsp的文件

arithmeticException.jsp

<%@ page language="java" 
	contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" 
	content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Spring MVC - Exception</title>
</head>
<body>

	<h2 style="color: red;">
		java.lang.ArithmeticException
	</h2>

</body>
</html>

arrayException.jsp

<%@ page language="java" 
	contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" 
	content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Spring MVC - Exception</title>
</head>
<body>

	<h2 style="color: red;">
		数组下标越界啦！！！！！
	</h2>

</body>
</html>

error.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Spring MVC - Exception</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h2 style="color:red;">${errorMessage}</h2>
</body>
</html>

4.控制器类

package cn.tedu.spring.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class SampleController {
	
	@ExceptionHandler
	public String handlerException(Exception e,HttpServletRequest request) {
		if (e instanceof ArithmeticException) {
			request.setAttribute("errorMessage", "算术运算异常，你是不是拿某个数字除以0了？");
			return "error";
		}else if (e instanceof ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException) {
			request.setAttribute("errorMessage", "您使用的下标已经越界："+e.getMessage());
			return "error";
		}else {
			request.setAttribute("errorMessage", "未知异常请联系系统管理员");
			return "error";
		}
	}
	@RequestMapping("testException1.do")
	public String testException1() {
		int x = 10;
		int y = 0;
		System.out.println(x / y); // ArithmeticException
		return "index";
	}
	
	@RequestMapping("testException2.do")
	public String testException2() {
		int[] numbers = { 9,5,2,7};
		System.out.println(numbers[10]); // ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
		return "index";
	}
}