一.在Spring MVC中使用@ResponseBody
基本使用
@ResponseBody用于注解Controller类中的方法。
一旦使用了这个注解,Controller中方法的返回值就应该是String,并且不再表示“返回View组件的名称”的意义,而是返回普通的字符串,最终,客户端得到的响应也就是这个字符串!
使用@ResponseBody时,推荐在Spring的配置文件中添加驱动注解。
二.乱码问题
一旦使用了@ResponseBody,在默认情况下,会通过StringHttpMessageConverter来处理结果,其默认的处理方式中,使用的是ISO-8859-1编码,并不会按照UTF-8来处理,所以,会产生中文乱码的问题!
解决方案就是在Spring的配置文件中,在节点下,添加节点,显式的配置StringHttpMessageConverter,并设置字符编码,在这个类中,字符编码是通过父类的supportedMediaType属性来设置的
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes"
value="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
三.Json(JavaScript Object Notation)是一种轻量级的数据交换格式
更加利于服务端程序“提供数据服务”,即只提供数据,而不负责数据的呈现。
3.resources下applicationContext.xml配置文件
4.响应结果数据类
5.用户控制类
6.webapp下index.html文件
基本使用
@ResponseBody用于注解Controller类中的方法。
一旦使用了这个注解,Controller中方法的返回值就应该是String,并且不再表示“返回View组件的名称”的意义,而是返回普通的字符串,最终,客户端得到的响应也就是这个字符串!
使用@ResponseBody时,推荐在Spring的配置文件中添加驱动注解。
二.乱码问题
一旦使用了@ResponseBody,在默认情况下,会通过StringHttpMessageConverter来处理结果,其默认的处理方式中,使用的是ISO-8859-1编码,并不会按照UTF-8来处理,所以,会产生中文乱码的问题!
解决方案就是在Spring的配置文件中,在节点下,添加节点,显式的配置StringHttpMessageConverter,并设置字符编码,在这个类中,字符编码是通过父类的supportedMediaType属性来设置的
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes"
value="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
三.Json(JavaScript Object Notation)是一种轻量级的数据交换格式
更加利于服务端程序“提供数据服务”,即只提供数据,而不负责数据的呈现。
四.Json的语法使用实例
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Json语法</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function showJson() {
var jsonData = { "name":"tomcat",
"age":"18" };
alert(jsonData.age);
}
function showJson2() {
var jsonData = {
"status":1,
"data":{
"username":"tomcat",
"age":18,
"from":"BeiJing"
}
};
alert(jsonData.data.from);
}
function showJson3() {
var jsonData = {
"users":[
{ "username":"Alex", "age":18 },
{ "username":"Billy", "age":19 }
]
};
alert(jsonData.users[0].age);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<li><a href="###" οnclick="showJson()">show json</a></li>
<li><a href="###" οnclick="showJson2()">show json 2</a></li>
<li><a href="###" οnclick="showJson3()">show json 3</a></li>
</body>
</html>
五.Ajax和Json简单实现登录功能实例
1.添加 spring-webmvc 3.2.8版本
添加 jackson-core 2.2.3版本
添加 jackson-annotations 2.2.3版本
添加 jackson-databind 2.2.3版本
2.web.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<display-name>DAY10-01-Ajax-Login</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
3.resources下applicationContext.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.tedu.spring"/>
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/html;charset=utf-8</value>
<value>application/json;charset=utf-8</value>
<value>*/*;charset=utf-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
4.响应结果数据类
package cn.tedu.spring.bean;
public class ResponseResult {
private int state;
private String message;
private Object data;
public ResponseResult() {
super();
}
public ResponseResult(int state) {
super();
this.state = state;
}
public ResponseResult(int state, String message) {
super();
this.state = state;
this.message = message;
}
public ResponseResult(int state, Object data) {
super();
this.state = state;
this.data = data;
}
public ResponseResult(int state, String message, Object data) {
super();
this.state = state;
this.message = message;
this.data = data;
}
public int getState() {
return state;
}
public void setState(int state) {
this.state = state;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public Object getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(Object data) {
this.data = data;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
String str = "{ \"state\":" + state + ", \"message\":\"" + message + "\", \"data\":";
if (data == null) {
str += "null}";
} else {
str += "{" + data + "}}";
}
return str;
}
}
5.用户控制类
package cn.tedu.spring.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import cn.tedu.spring.bean.ResponseResult;
@Controller
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("handleLogin.do")
@ResponseBody
public String handlerLogin(String username,String password) {
System.out.println("username=" + username);
System.out.println("password=" + password);
ResponseResult result = new ResponseResult();
if ("tomcat".equals(username)) {
if ("tomcat7".equals(password)) {
result.setState(1);
}else{
result.setState(-2);
result.setMessage("Password not match.");
}
}else {
result = new ResponseResult(-1, "Username not exists.");
}
String jsonText = null;
try {
ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
jsonText = om.writeValueAsString(result);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return jsonText;
}
}
6.webapp下index.html文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Ajax Login</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function $(id) {
return document.getElementById(id);
}
function getXMLHttpRequest() {
var xmlhttp = null;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
} else {
xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHttp");
}
return xmlhttp;
}
function doLogin() {
// 清除可能存在的提示信息
$("username_hint").innerHTML = "";
$("password_hint").innerHTML = "";
// 获取数据
var username = $("username").value;
var password = $("password").value;
// 检验数据
if (username.length < 4 || password.length < 4) {
return;
}
// 设置处理响应
var xmlhttp = getXMLHttpRequest();
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == 200) {
// 获取响应的字符串
var result = xmlhttp.responseText;
// var result = '{"status":1,"message":"OK"}'';
console.log(result);
// 将字符串转换为JSON对象
var resultJson = JSON.parse(result);
var state = resultJson.state;
if (1 == state) {
window.location = "user_info.html";
} else if (state == -1) {
$("username_hint").innerHTML = resultJson.message;
} else {
$("password_hint").innerHTML = resultJson.message;
}
/* if ("1" == result) {
window.location = "user_info.html";
} else if ("-1" == result) {
$("username_hint").innerHTML = "用户名不存在!";
} else {
$("password_hint").innerHTML = "密码不正确!";
} */
}
};
// 提交请求
var url = "handleLogin.do";
var param = "username=" + username + "&password=" + password;
xmlhttp.open("POST", url, true);
xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xmlhttp.send(param);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<p>
<label>Username:</label>
<input id="username" />
<span id="username_hint"></span>
</p>
<p>
<label>Password:</label>
<input id="password" />
<span id="password_hint"></span>
</p>
<p>
<input type="button" value="LOGIN" οnclick="doLogin()" />
</p>
</body>
</html>