出现该IllegalStateException的场景是这样的：
当前有一个Activity，界面上显示DialogFragment，有一个异步操作，需要去访问网络资源，然后得到网络返回的结果去dismiss当前的DialogFragment，并show其他的DialogFragment，在发起网络请求后并且结果还没返回前，按home键退出该应用，退出后一会儿网络结果返回，需要操作Fragment，抛出了IllegalStateException，原因是不能在执行onSaveInstanceState后对fragment进行commit,dismiss,show等操作。
执行onSaveInstanceState函数有以下几种情况：
1、当用户按下HOME键时。这是显而易见的，系统不知道你按下HOME后要运行多少其他的程序，自然也不知道activity A是否会被销毁，故系统会调用onSaveInstanceState，让用户有机会保存某些非永久性的数据。以下几种情况的分析都遵循该原则
2、长按HOME键，选择运行其他的程序时。
3、按下电源按键（关闭屏幕显示）时。
4、从activity A中启动一个新的activity时。
5、屏幕方向切换时，例如从竖屏切换到横屏时。
在屏幕切换之前，系统会销毁activity A，在屏幕切换之后系统又会自动地创建activity A，所以onSaveInstanceState一定会被执行
总而言之，onSaveInstanceState的调用遵循一个重要原则，即当系统“未经你许可”时销毁了你的activity，则onSaveInstanceState会被系统调用，这是系统的责任，因为它必须要提供一个机会让你保存你的数据（当然你不保存那就随便你了）。
至于onRestoreInstanceState方法，需要注意的是，onSaveInstanceState方法和onRestoreInstanceState方法“不一定”是成对的被调用的，onRestoreInstanceState被调用的前提是，activity A“确实”被系统销毁了，而如果仅仅是停留在有这种可能性的情况下，则该方法不会被调用，例如，当正在显示activity A的时候，用户按下HOME键回到主界面，然后用户紧接着又返回到activity A，这种情况下activity A一般不会因为内存的原因被系统销毁，故activity A的onRestoreInstanceState方法不会被执行。
看下FragmentActivity在执行onSaveInstanceState的方法：
/**
* Save all appropriate fragment state.
*/
@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
Parcelable p = mFragments.saveAllState();
if (p != null) {
outState.putParcelable(FRAGMENTS_TAG, p);
}
}看下mFragments.saveAllState方法：
<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;"> /**
* Saves the state for all Fragments.
*/
public Parcelable saveAllState() {
return mHost.mFragmentManager.saveAllState();
}</span>
<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;">Parcelable saveAllState() {
// Make sure all pending operations have now been executed to get
// our state update-to-date.
execPendingActions();
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11) {
// As of Honeycomb, we save state after pausing. Prior to that
// it is before pausing. With fragments this is an issue, since
// there are many things you may do after pausing but before
// stopping that change the fragment state. For those older
// devices, we will not at this point say that we have saved
// the state, so we will allow them to continue doing fragment
// transactions. This retains the same semantics as Honeycomb,
// though you do have the risk of losing the very most recent state
// if the process is killed... we'll live with that.
mStateSaved = true;
}
//其他代码忽略显示
return fms;
}</span>看个具体的例子，当我们在Activity执行onSaveInstanceState之后调用fragment.show，会抛出如下异常：
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Can not perform this action after onSaveInstanceState
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.void checkStateLoss()(Unknown Source)
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.void enqueueAction(java.lang.Runnable,boolean)(Unknown Source)
at android.support.v4.app.BackStackRecord.int commitInternal(boolean)(Unknown Source)
at android.support.v4.app.BackStackRecord.int commit()(Unknown Source)
at android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment.void show(android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager,java.lang.String)(Unknown Source)
接下来分别展示上面这几个函数的源代码：
DialogFragment.java：
<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;"> public void show(FragmentManager manager, String tag) {
mDismissed = false;
mShownByMe = true;
FragmentTransaction ft = manager.beginTransaction();
ft.add(this, tag);
ft.commit();
}</span>
<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;"> public int commit() {
return commitInternal(false);
}
public int commitAllowingStateLoss() {
return commitInternal(true);
}
int commitInternal(boolean allowStateLoss) {
if (mCommitted) throw new IllegalStateException("commit already called");
if (FragmentManagerImpl.DEBUG) {
Log.v(TAG, "Commit: " + this);
LogWriter logw = new LogWriter(TAG);
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(logw);
dump(" ", null, pw, null);
}
mCommitted = true;
if (mAddToBackStack) {
mIndex = mManager.allocBackStackIndex(this);
} else {
mIndex = -1;
}
mManager.enqueueAction(this, allowStateLoss);
return mIndex;
}</span>
<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;"> private void checkStateLoss() {
if (mStateSaved) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Can not perform this action after onSaveInstanceState");
}
if (mNoTransactionsBecause != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Can not perform this action inside of " + mNoTransactionsBecause);
}
}
/**
* Adds an action to the queue of pending actions.
*
* @param action the action to add
* @param allowStateLoss whether to allow loss of state information
* @throws IllegalStateException if the activity has been destroyed
*/
public void enqueueAction(Runnable action, boolean allowStateLoss) {
if (!allowStateLoss) {
checkStateLoss();
}
synchronized (this) {
if (mDestroyed || mHost == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Activity has been destroyed");
}
if (mPendingActions == null) {
mPendingActions = new ArrayList<Runnable>();
}
mPendingActions.add(action);
if (mPendingActions.size() == 1) {
mHost.getHandler().removeCallbacks(mExecCommit);
mHost.getHandler().post(mExecCommit);
}
}
}</span>dismiss和show最后都是通过fragmentTransaction.commit方法来提交的，所以这些方法在onSaveInstanceState调用都会出现一样的错误。
那刚刚看代码的时候相信大家也看到了函数中的参数：boolean allowStateLoss，发现当该参数为true的时候，enqueueAction函数中并不会检测stateLoss，那么就解决了我们的问题。
所以dismiss对应的就是dismissAllowingStateLoss，commit对应commitAllowingStateLoss，而show方法没有，所以尽量不要调用show，可以通过调用fragmentTransaction.add，然后再commitAllowingStateLoss。
那这是第一种解决办法，那还有其他什么解决办法么？
在FragmentManager中我找到了这样一个函数：
<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;"> public void noteStateNotSaved() {
mStateSaved = false;
}</span>刚刚我们说到FragmentActivity是在onSaveInstanceState中将该值置为true。那我们可以在onSaveInstanceState函数中再将这个值置为false啊。。。很幸运，在FragmentActivity中我发现这样一个函数:
<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;"> /**
* Hook in to note that fragment state is no longer saved.
*/
public void onStateNotSaved() {
mFragments.noteStateNotSaved();
}</span>所以我们可以这样在FragmentActivity中这样改：
<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;">@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
onStateNotSaved();
}</span>
这里提下项目中遇到的一个需求：
当页面处于网络请求时，页面不小心锁屏或者按home键了，而网络请求还在继续，当网络请求结束回调回来时，发现页面还在后台。产品希望当页面展示在前台时再去处理网络结果（包含一些页面的展示，例如dialogfragment的显示等）。
我的做法是在activity中添加一个字段，boolean isBackground=false;
重写activity的onSaveInstanceState函数，在该函数中将isBackground=true；
在网络请求到达后，先判断if(isBackground)，若为true，则将网络请求结果缓存在activity中（我的例子中会调用一个listener.onResponse(String data)函数来返回网络结果，所以我缓存了listener和data）。
原来天真的我以为重写activity的onResume函数，判断当前isBackground是否为true，若为true，将isBackground置为false，再执行listener.onResponse(data)即可。结果发现如果先锁屏再打开Activity，在onResume中处理网络请求，显示DialogFragment会有问题。还是刚刚一样的问题，IllegalStateException。然后我就在FragmentManager中找了改变mStateSaved的地方，发现了几个有意思的函数：
<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;"> public void dispatchCreate() {
mStateSaved = false;
moveToState(Fragment.CREATED, false);
}
public void dispatchActivityCreated() {
mStateSaved = false;
moveToState(Fragment.ACTIVITY_CREATED, false);
}
public void dispatchStart() {
mStateSaved = false;
moveToState(Fragment.STARTED, false);
}
public void dispatchResume() {
mStateSaved = false;
moveToState(Fragment.RESUMED, false);
}
public void dispatchPause() {
moveToState(Fragment.STARTED, false);
}
public void dispatchStop() {
// See saveAllState() for the explanation of this. We do this for
// all platform versions, to keep our behavior more consistent between
// them.
mStateSaved = true;
moveToState(Fragment.STOPPED, false);
}</span>FragmentActivity.java：
<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;"> /**
* Dispatch onResume() to fragments.
*/
@Override
protected void onPostResume() {
super.onPostResume();
mHandler.removeMessages(MSG_RESUME_PENDING);
onResumeFragments();
mFragments.execPendingActions();
}
/**
* This is the fragment-orientated version of {@link #onResume()} that you
* can override to perform operations in the Activity at the same point
* where its fragments are resumed. Be sure to always call through to
* the super-class.
*/
protected void onResumeFragments() {
mFragments.dispatchResume();
}</span>具体了解Activity生命周期可以看该文章：http://blog.csdn.net/tounaobun/article/details/8147119，记住onPostResume是在onResume之后执行。
还有个问题：当Fragment的宿主Activity已经被关闭的之后，不能再调用dismissAllowingStateLoss或dismiss之类的函数，原因是：
/**
* Adds an action to the queue of pending actions.
*
* @param action the action to add
* @param allowStateLoss whether to allow loss of state information
* @throws IllegalStateException if the activity has been destroyed
*/
public void enqueueAction(Runnable action, boolean allowStateLoss) {
if (!allowStateLoss) {
checkStateLoss();
}
synchronized (this) {
if (mDestroyed || mHost == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Activity has been destroyed");
}
if (mPendingActions == null) {
mPendingActions = new ArrayList<Runnable>();
}
mPendingActions.add(action);
if (mPendingActions.size() == 1) {
mHost.getHandler().removeCallbacks(mExecCommit);
mHost.getHandler().post(mExecCommit);
}
}
}抛出的错误如下：
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Activity has been destroyed
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.void enqueueAction(java.lang.Runnable,boolean)(Unknown Source)
at android.support.v4.app.BackStackRecord.int commitInternal(boolean)(Unknown Source)
at android.support.v4.app.BackStackRecord.int commitAllowingStateLoss()(Unknown Source)
at android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment.void dismissInternal(boolean)(Unknown Source)
at android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment.void dismissAllowingStateLoss()(Unknown Source)
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