springCloud 微服务学习笔记
(三)服务注册与发现
- 创建springboot项目artifactId 是 microservice_discovery-eureka
- 添加pom依赖
- 配置文件更改
- 启动类更改
- 将微服务注册到eureka server上
- eureka的高可用
- eureka的用户认证
- 将微服务注册到需要认证的eureka server上
1.创建springboot项目
用ideal直接new --> project --> spring Initializr --> next --> 填写groupId,artifact -->next --> 填写project name --> finish.
2. 添加pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.whu.learning</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice_discovery-eureka</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>microservice_discovery-eureka</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--注册服务到eureka,此依赖包含了ribbon-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!--引入spring cloud依赖-->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR4</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
配置文件更改
#server
server.port=8761
#eureka
#表示是否将自己注册到eureka上,默认为true,由于当前 应用就是eureka server,故设为false
eureka.client.registerWithEureka=false
#表示是否从eureka server 获取注册信息,因为这是一个单点eureka server,不需要同步其他eureka server 的数据,故设为false
eureka.client.fetchRegistry=false
#设置与eureka server交互的地址,查询和注册服务都依赖这个地址
eureka.client.serviceUrk.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
启动类更改
@SpringBootApplication
//声明这是一个eureka server
@EnableEurekaServer
public class MicroserviceDiscoveryEurekaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceDiscoveryEurekaApplication.class, args);
}
}
访问http://localhost:8761/
结果:
将微服务注册到eureka server上
- 修改或者复制在微服务学习(一)中创建的微服务提供者项目到microservice_provider-user
- 在pom中添加如下依赖
<!--注册服务到eureka-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
- 在配置文件application.properties中添加
#eureka
#指定注册到eureka server上的微服务的名称
spring.application.name=microservice_provider-user
#与eureka server交互的地址
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
#表示将自己ip注册到eureka server上
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
- 编写启动类
@SpringBootApplication
//添加此注解,见名知意
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@MapperScan("com.whu.learning.microservice_simpleprovideruser.dao")
public class MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication.class, args);
}
}
- 同理将微服务学习中的microservice_simple-consumer-movie 添加到eureka server 中。访问 http://localhost:8761/ ,结果:
eureka的高可用
单一eureka server的情况是不适合生产环境的。虽然eureka client 会定时连接eureka server ,获取服务注册表中的信息并将其缓存到本地,但是如果eureka server 宕机,微服务也不可用时,eureka client 中的缓存未更新,就会影响该服务的调用,有可能导致整个系统不可用。因而,高可用的eureka server 集群是必要的。
- 复制项目microservice-discovery-eureka,新项目 microservice-discovery-eureka-2
- 配置系统的hosts,windows系统的hosts文件路径是c:\windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts; 往里面添加
127.0.0.1 peer1 peer2
- 修改application.yml文件如下:
spring:
application:
name: microservice_discovery-eureka-2
---
spring:
profiles: peer1
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: peer1
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://peer2:8762/eureka/
---
spring:
profiles: peer2
server:
port: 8762
eureka:
instance:
hostname: peer2
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://peer1:8761/eureka/
- 使用 mvn clean package 命令打包项目(如果命令不能使用,查看自己是否配置maven环境变量),切换到jar包所在目录,运行下面两个命令:
java -jar microservice_discovery-eureka-2-0.0.1.SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=peer1
java -jar microservice_discovery-eureka-2-0.0.1.SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=peer2
通过spring.profiles.active指定使用那个profile启动;
注意: 启动第一个的时候会报错,如下:
com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.TransportException: Cannot execute request on any known server
at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.RetryableEurekaHttpClient.execute(RetryableEurekaHttpClient.java:111) ~[eureka-client-1.4.12.jar!/:1.4.12]
at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.EurekaHttpClientDecorator.register(EurekaHttpClientDecorator.java:56) ~[eureka-client-1.4.12.jar!/:1.4.12]
at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.EurekaHttpClientDecorator$1.execute(EurekaHttpClientDecorator.java:59) ~[eureka-client-1.4.12.jar!/:1.4.12]
at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.SessionedEurekaHttpClient.execute(SessionedEurekaHttpClient.java:77) ~[eureka-client-1.4.12.jar!/:1.4.12]
at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.EurekaHttpClientDecorator.register(EurekaHttpClientDecorator.java:56) ~[eureka-client-1.4.12.jar!/:1.4.12]
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.register(DiscoveryClient.java:815) ~[eureka-client-1.4.12.jar!/:1.4.12]
at com.netflix.discovery.InstanceInfoReplicator.run(InstanceInfoReplicator.java:104) ~[eureka-client-1.4.12.jar!/:1.4.12]
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Unknown Source) [na:1.8.0_191]
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source) [na:1.8.0_191]
at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.access$201(Unknown Source) [na:1.8.0_191]
at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.run(Unknown Source) [na:1.8.0_191]
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source) [na:1.8.0_191]
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source) [na:1.8.0_191]
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) [na:1.8.0_191]
但是这是正常的…因为第一个eureka server启动时也需要将其注册到其他eureka server中,但是此时只有它一个eureka server,故报这个错,当时我可卡在这整整一天。
5. 访问http://peer1:8761,结果如图:
发现DS Replicas 中已有peer2节点。
eureka的用户认证
前面实例中,eureka server 时允许匿名访问的,本节构建一个登录才能访问的eureka server
- 在pom中添加 eureka安全验证的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
- 在application.xml中添加以下内容
#security
security.basic.enabled=true
security.user.name=user
security.user.password=password
- 重启项目,访问http://localhost:8761/ ,结果:
- 输入 user /password 登录。结果如下
将微服务注册到需要认证的eureka server上
将微服务的eureka.client.serviceUrk.defaultZone配置为:http://user:password@localhost:8761/eureka/
就行了
参考资料
springCloud 与Docker微服务架构实战 --周立