Hibernate关联关系（一对多）
1 . 什么是关联(association)
1.1 关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。
例如:
class B{
private String name;
}
public class A{
private B b = new B;
public A(){}
}
1.2 关联的分类：关联可以分为一对一、一对多/多对一、多对多关联
创建好实体类和映射文件
Order:
package com.xhh.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Order {
private Integer orderId;
private String orderNo;
private List<OrderItem> orderItems = new ArrayList<OrderItem>();
private Integer initChildren = 0;//0:代表默认加载 1:代表强制加载
public Integer getInitChildren() {
return initChildren;
}
public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
this.initChildren = initChildren;
}
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + ", orderItems=" + orderItems + "]";
}
}
OrderItem:
package com.xhh.entity;
public class OrderItem {
private Integer orderItemId;
private Integer productId;
private Integer quantity;
private Integer oid;
private Order order;
public Integer getOrderItemId() {
return orderItemId;
}
public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
}
public Integer getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
public Integer getQuantity() {
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public Integer getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(Integer oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity + ", oid="
+ oid + "]";
}
}
配置映射文件:
Order.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.xhh.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
</property>
<bag name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<key column="oid"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.xhh.entity.OrderItem"/>
</bag>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
OrderItem.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.xhh.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
<id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
</property>
<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
</property>
<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
</property>
<!--
many-to-one:多对一的配置（因为多个订单项对应一个订单）
name:指的是当前要映射的类com.xhh.entity.OrderItem关联的order
class:指的是关联属性的类别（全路径名）
-->
<many-to-one name="order" class="com.xhh.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
配置核心配置文件:
<!-- 一对多 -->
<mapping resource="com/xhh/entity/Order.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/xhh/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml"/>
dao:
DemoDao1:
package com.xhh.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.xhh.entity.Order;
import com.xhh.entity.OrderItem;
import com.xhh.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class DemoDao1 {
/**
* 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
* 讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return oid;
}
public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return otid;
}
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
* 1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
public List<Order> getOrderList() {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
/**
* z主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
* @param order
*/
public void delOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
session.delete(oi);
}
session.delete(order2);
// session.delete(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
DemoDao1Test.java测试:
package com.xhh.dao;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.xhh.entity.Order;
import com.xhh.entity.OrderItem;
public class DemoDao1Test {
private DemoDao1 demoDao1 = new DemoDao1();
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderNo("林耀东卖货");
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
OrderItem oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(10 + i);
oi.setQuantity(20 + i);
// demoDao1.addOrderItem(oi);
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
oi.setOrder(order);
}
demoDao1.addOrder(order);
}
这会有个报错:
解决方案:
将 insert=“false” update="false"加载到对应的配置文件中
运行:
增加订单项测试:
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {
OrderItem oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(99);
oi.setQuantity(99);
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
oi.setOrder(order);
demoDao1.addOrderItem(oi);
}
运行:
懒加载:
代码:
/**
* 懒加载
*/
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
Order o = demoDao1.getOrder(order);
// failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.xhh.entity.Order.orderItems,
// could not initialize proxy - no Session
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems().size());
}
直接运行会报错:
// failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.xhh.entity.Order.orderItems,
// could not initialize proxy - no Session
解决方案:
在Order.hbm.xml里面添加lazy(此方法是不推荐的)
数据
/**
* 懒加载
*/
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
order.setInitChildren(1);
Order o = demoDao1.getOrder(order);
// failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.xhh.entity.Order.orderItems,
// could not initialize proxy - no Session
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems().size());
}
运行:
执行很多SQL,运行性能会很差
2.在Order实体类中加入这些属性
把之前的lazy删掉
private Integer initChildren = 0;//0:代表默认加载 1:代表强制加载
public Integer getInitChildren() {
return initChildren;
}
public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
this.initChildren = initChildren;
}
DemoDao1:
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
* 1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
只要在之前的测试代码里面添加一行代码完事:;
order.setInitChildren(1);
/**
* 懒加载
*/
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
order.setInitChildren(1);
Order o = demoDao1.getOrder(order);
// failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.xhh.entity.Order.orderItems,
// could not initialize proxy - no Session
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
运行:
成功
删除:
// 删除
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
this.demoDao1.delOrder(order);
}
运行:
林耀东没了就成功了
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